Vocab Flashcards
Acculturation
assimilation to a different culture, typically the dominant one.
Agism
prejudice or discrimination on the grounds of a person’s age
Amygdala hijack
refers to a personal, emotional response that is immediate, overwhelming, and out of measure with the actual stimulus because it has triggered a much more significant emotional threat
Attribution error
an individual’s tendency to attribute another’s actions to their character or personality, while attributing their behavior to external situational factors outside of their control.
Assimilation
the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas
Belief System
a set of principles or tenets which together form the basis of a religion, philosophy, or moral code
Bias
prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair
Classbound values
counselors conduct treatment within the value system of the middle class,
Centrist
having moderate political views or policies
Cognitive & behavior distancing
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Collectivism
the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Colorblind
not influenced by racial prejudice.
Communication style
a way in which they interact and exchange information with others.
Culture
the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.
Cultural adaptation
the process and time it takes a person to integrate into a new culture and feel comfortable within it.
Cultural competence
the ability to understand, communicate with and effectively interact with people across cultures
Cultural Context
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Cultural deprivation
theory in sociology where a person has inferior norms, values, skills and knowledge
Cultural Diversity
quality of diverse or different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural decay.
Cultural encapsulation
lack of understanding, or ignorance, of another’s cultural background and the influence this background has on one’s current view of the world.
Cultural oppression
?
Culture of poverty
a concept in social theory that asserts that the values of people experiencing poverty play a significant role in perpetuating their impoverished condition, sustaining a cycle of poverty across generations. … It offers one way to explain why poverty exists despite anti-poverty programs.
Cultural relativism
ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of one’s own culture.
Dementia
loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities that are severe enough to interfere with daily life
Disability vs. handicap
Disability describes the person’s limitation, while handicap refers to the impact the person’s disability has on normal life activities such as going to school or driving a car.
Discrimination
the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
Diversity
the state of being diverse; variety.
Embedded/ nested emotions
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Ethnicity / Ethnic
grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups such as a common set of traditions, ancestry, language, history, society, culture, nation, religion, or social treatment within their residing area.
Ethnocentric
evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one’s own culture.
Emic & etic
emic and etic refer to two kinds of field research done and viewpoints obtained:[1] emic, from within the social group (from the perspective of the subject) and etic, from outside (from the perspective of the observer).
Gender role
social role encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person’s biological or perceived sex.
Generalization
a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases.
Healthy cultural paranoia
cultural mistrust is Black Americans’ distrust of White society as a defense against threats of racism and discrimination
Heuristic
enabling someone to discover or learn something for themselves.
Holistic outlook
support that looks at the whole person, not just their mental health needs
Holocaust survivor
people who survived the Holocaust, defined as the persecution and attempted annihilation of the Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies
Hypodescent
automatic assignment by the dominant culture of children of a mixed union or sexual relations between members of different socioeconomic groups or ethnic groups to the subordinate group
Identity development models
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Immmigrate
come to live permanently in a foreign country.
Implicit Bias
attitudes towards people or associate stereotypes with them without our conscious knowledge.
Individualism
a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.
Intellective (fluid) capacity
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Intercultural
occurring between or involving two or more cultures
Internalized oppression
a concept in which an oppressed group uses the methods of the oppressing group against itself.
Islam
the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.
Judaism
the monotheistic religion of the Jewish people.
Judgemental heuristics
principles or methods by which one makes assessments or judgements of probability simpler.
LGBTQ
initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender.
Linguistic barriers
the difficulties in communication experienced by people or groups originally speaking different languages, or even dialects in some cases.
Melting Pot
monocultural metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous
Microaggression
a statement, action, or incident regarded as an instance of indirect, subtle, or unintentional discrimination against members of a marginalized group such as a racial or ethnic minority.
Micro assault
explicit racial derogations characterized primarily by a verbal or nonverbal attack. meant to hurt the intended victim through name-calling, avoidant behavior, or purposeful discriminatory. actions.
Microinsult
characterized by communications that convey rudeness and insensitivity and demean a. person’s racial heritage or identity.
Microinvalidation
(Often unconscious) Verbal comments or behaviors that Exclude, negate, or nullify the psychological thoughts, feelings or experiential reality of a person of color.
Mindset
the established set of attitudes held by someone.
Minority model: medical-moral
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Minority ‘standard time’
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Model minority
minority demographic whose members are perceived to achieve a higher degree of socioeconomic success than the population average
Monocultural
single homogeneous culture that de-emphasizes diversity
Multiculturalism
the presence of, or support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
Negativity bias
the notion that, even when of equal intensity, things of a more negative nature have a greater effect on one’s psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things
Neuroplasticity
the ability of the brain to form and reorganize synaptic connections, especially in response to learning or experience or following injury.
Oppressor
a person or group that oppresses people.
Paralanguage
the nonlexical component of communication by speech, for example intonation, pitch and speed of speaking, hesitation noises, gesture, and facial expression.
Paranorm
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Pedagogy
the method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Phenomenological
denoting or relating to an approach that concentrates on the study of consciousness and the objects of direct experience.
Pluralistic
relating to or advocating a system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist.
Politically Correct
a term used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society.
Poverty
the state of being extremely poor.
Prejudice
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
Productive struggle
the process of effortful learning that develops grit and creative problem solving
QUOID vs YAVIS
YAVIS: young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful.
QUOID: (quiet, ugly, old, indigent, and dissimilar culturally)
Reticular activating system (RAS)
network of neurons located in the brain stem that project anteriorly to the hypothalamus to mediate behavior, as well as both posteriorly to the thalamus and directly to the cortex for activation of awake, desynchronized cortical EEG patterns.
Race
a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits
Race salience
?
Racism
prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people on the basis of their membership in a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.
Salad Bowl/Mosaic
In the salad bowl model, different cultures are brought together—like salad ingredients—but do not form together into a single homogeneous culture; each culture keeps its own distinct qualities.
Schema
a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them
Schite
?
Sexual harrassment
behavior characterized by the making of unwelcome and inappropriate sexual remarks or physical advances in a workplace or other professional or social situation.
Sexual orientation
person’s identity in relation to the gender or genders to which they are sexually attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, etc.
Social class
a division of a society based on social and economic status.
Social justice
justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.
Spirituality
the quality of being concerned with the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things
Stereotype
a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Stereotype threat
situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group.
Structural racialization
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Sunni
the larger of the two main branches of Islam, which differs from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna, its conception of religious leadership, and its acceptance of the first three caliphs.
Symbol
a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function, or process, e.g. the letter or letters standing for a chemical element or a character in musical notation.
Tradition
the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.
Transcultural
relating to or involving more than one culture; cross-cultural.
Uncle Tom syndrome
a theory in multicultural psychology referring to a coping skill in which individuals use passivity and submissiveness when confronted with a threat, leading to subservient behaviour and appeasement, while concealing their true thoughts and feelings.
Unearned disadvantage
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Unintentional racism
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Universal
including or covering all or a whole collectively or distributively without limit or exception especially
Universal level identity
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Universal shamanic tradition
an ancient healing tradition and a way of life
Value: non-interference
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White privilege
societal privilege that benefits white people over non-white people in some societies
Wise feedback
targeted feedback which conveys high expectations, the instructor’s genuine belief that those expectations can be achieved by the student, and provides concrete information to help the student meet the expectations
Woofing
?
Worldview
a particular philosophy of life or conception of the world.
Xenophobia
dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.
