Vocab Flashcards
Zygotes
Fertilized egg, which will go through a two week period of cell division in order to become an embryo.
Embryo
A zygote’s inner cell and a developing human organism after 2 weeks of fertilization.
Fetus
When the embryo starts to look human like and is developing after 9 weeks after conception and birth.
Teratogens
They are harmful chemicals and viruses that could harm the embryo and fetus if those substances reach them during prenatal development.
Reflexes
Is an involuntary movement and action that is developed during birth.
Maturation
Is biological growth that creates change behavior, but relatively uninfluenced by experience.
Cognition
Mental thoughts that develop thinking, communicating, knowing, and remembering.
Assimilate
Identifying a new experience in terms of one’s existing schemas.
Accommodate
Adapting a current schema in order to process new information.
Stranger Anxiety
Fear of Strangers that start to display around 8 months of age.
Attachment
An emotional connection to another person which is shown in younger children and is upset when separated.
Critical Period
A period after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli which produces proper development.
Imprinting
When animals form connections during an important period very early in life.
Basic Trust
Which was developed by Erik Erikson, tells that the world is predictable and can be trusted which forms during infancy with appropriate experiences.
Identity
A person’s sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.
Crystalized Intelligence
Knowledge and verbal skills; and increases in age.
Fluid Intelligence
To form reason at a fast rate and solve logical problems.
Schemas
Concept or Framework that organizes and interprets information.
Disequilibrium
Feelings of unease occur when the encounter does not match the child’s understanding or readiness.
Sensorimotor Stage
From Birth to 2 years. Reflexes are added onto and motor skills develop (hear, taste, watch, touch things around them,grasping, sucking, and sitting up, and more).
Object Permanence
When a child realizes that an object exists, but they cannot see or touch it.
Preoperational Stage
From 2 to 7 years. Pretend play and cognition drives language development. Apply language to learning and believe in Egocentrism which means that they perceive things from their own perspective.
Conservation
When children use logical thinking to determine a certain quantity. Based on how they perceive size, proportions, container, shape during the Concrete Operational stage.
Theory of Mind:
Is a part of the Preoperational stage that MUST BE ACHIEVED. Is the idea that we have the ability to think about the mind of others and how situations can impact a way the person acts based on what they think of feeling.
Concrete Operational Stage:
From 7 to 12 years. Along with their development of language, they are trying to manipulate certain objects in their mind. Thinking in concrete terms.
Formal Operational Stage
From 12 years and beyond. The child can now formulate and perceive abstract concepts as well as gain a developing understanding of relationships, politics, religion, as well as reason about hypothetical problems.
Internalization
Development when information is taken from outside and inside the environment. Causes certain behavior based on what they took in and has an inner voice that internalizes their culture’s language.
ZPD (Zoning of Proximal Development)
Is a range between abilities a child shows and abilities they gain when placed in an appropriate environment.
Mere Exposure
Having a preference for something based on their familiarity with it.
Resilience
To cope from a particular crisis and protect oneself from stress or negative factors.
