Vocab 9 Flashcards
Wrote Two Treatises of Government, which outlined the Natural Rights of Life, Liberty, and Property
John Locke
Right(s) that belong to all humans from birth
Natural Right(s)
Wrote Candide, which defended freedom of speech and thought
Voltaire
Wrote the Spirit of Laws, which designed a three-branch system of government
Baron de Montesquieu
Wrote the Social Contract, which stressed that man was born free and became corrupted
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The period in the 1700’s in which people rejected traditional ideas and supported a belief in human reason
Enlightenment
Agreement by which people give up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos
Social Contract
Wrote the Leviathan, which supported absolutism because man is naturally evil and must be controlled by the government
Thomas Hobbes
Russian Czar who Westernized Russia and centralized royal power
Peter the Great
A single ruler who has completes authority
Autocrat
Absolute ruler who used royal power to reform society
Enlightened Despot
German born ruler of an efficient, autocratic Russian government; she expanded South to gain warm water ports
Catherine the Great
A period during which French revolutionary courts executed 40,000 people mostly by use of the guillotine
Reign of Terror
Ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people
Absolute Monarch
Absolute monarch of France referred to as the Sun King
Louis XIV (14th)
Group formed mostly by the Third Estate in France in 1789 with the intention of writing a new constitution
National Assembly
French document which was a first step towards writing a constitution
Declaration of the Rights of Man
A revolt by a small group intended to overthrow the government
Coup d’etat
The middle class
Bourgeoisie
Chief architect of the Reign of Terror
Maximilien Robespierre
Belief that a ruler’s authority comes directly from God
Divine Right
French General who became self-proclaimed Emperor of France
Napoleon Bonaparte
A set of acts passed by Parliament to ensure its superiority over the monarchy and guarantee certain rights to citizens
English Bill of Rights
Representative assembly of a country, which is led by a Prime Minister
Parliament
Government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s powers
Limited Monarchy
