Vocab

Question 0

Element

Answer 0

A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

Question 1

Mineral

Answer 1

Naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

A substance made up of Adams of two more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Question 3

Crystal

Answer 3

Hey solid who’s Adams ions are molecules are arranged in a definite pattern

Question 4

Silicate mineral

Answer 4

A mineral that contains a combination of silicon oxygen and one or more metals

Question 5

Nonsilicate minerals

Answer 5

A mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen

Question 6

Luster

Answer 6

The way in which a mineral reflects light

Question 7

Streak

Answer 7

The color of the powder of a mineral

Question 8

Cleavage

Answer 8

The splitting of a mineral along smooth flat surfaces

Question 9

Fracture

Answer 9

The manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces

Question 10

Hardness

Answer 10

A measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

Question 11

Density

Answer 11

The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance

Question 12

Ore

Answer 12

A natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably

Question 13

Reclamation

Answer 13

The process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed

Question 14

Rock

Answer 14

A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter

Question 15

Rock cycle

Answer 15

The series of processes in which a rock forms changes from one type to another is destroyed and forms again by geological processes

Question 16

Erosion

Answer 16

The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another

Question 17

Deposition

Answer 17

The process in which material is laid down

Question 18

Composition

Answer 18

The chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock

Question 19

Texture

Answer 19

The quality of the rock that is based on the sizes shapes and compositions of the rocks grains

Question 20

Intrusive igneous rock

Answer 20

Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the earth’s surface

Question 21

Extrusive igneous rock

Answer 21

A rock that forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the earths surface

Question 22

Foliated

Answer 22

The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands

Question 23

Nonfoliated

Answer 23

The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands

Question 24

Silicate minerals

Answer 24

Silicon and oxygen combined with other elements such as iron aluminum magnesium and potassium

Question 25

Nonsilicates

Answer 25

Nine silicates do not contain a combination of silicon or oxygen; some of these minerals are made up of elements such as carbon oxygen fluorine and sulfur; they include the native elements carbonates halides oxides sulfates and sulfide

Question 26

Why is mining done?

Answer 26

To find or which is a large deposit of pure minerals that can be mined for a profit

Question 27

Surface mining

Answer 27

When mineral deposits are located at or near the earths surface.These include open pit surface mines and quarries

Question 28

Subsurface mining

Answer 28

Mineral deposits are located too deep within the earths surface to be mined. This often requires passageways the dug into the earth either horizontally or vertically

Question 29

How do sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 29

Usually forms as a result of weathering and erosion

Question 30

What is the difference between clastic and nonclastic rock?

Answer 30

Clastic sedimentary rock is made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral such as calcite or quartz.

Question 31

Two main ways that scientists classify rocks

Answer 31

By composition; the minerals that make up the rock. And Texture; the size shape and position of the grains that make up the rock

Question 32

Igneous rocks

Answer 32

Form from cooled magma

Question 33

Instrusive igneous rocks

Answer 33

Cool slowly inside the earth. The cooled magma intrudes other rocks in and can form batholiths sills dikes plutons and stocks. Instusive igneous rocks are usually coarse-grained.The Minerals that form from slowly cooling magma are usually large visible crystals

Question 34

Extrusive igneous rocks

Answer 34

Cool quickly as they exit the earth. It is usually around volcanoes. It cools quickly on the surface and contains very small crystals or no crystals at all. The texture is usually fine-grained.

Question 35

Chemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 35

Formed from solutions of dissolved minerals and water

Question 36

Organic sedimentary rocks

Answer 36

Skeletons of Dead Sea animals like coral, oysters, and mollusks collect on the ocean floor they eventually become cemented together

Question 37

Metamorphic rock

Answer 37

Forms under extreme heat and pressure

Question 38

Contact metamorphism

Answer 38

When magma comes in contact with surrounding rock causing it to become very

Question 39

Index minerals

Answer 39

Are used to estimate the temperature depth and pressure at which a rock undergoes metamorphism