Vocab Flashcards
Sustainability
the capacity for:
o Human health and well being
o Economic vitality and prosperity
o Environmental resource abundance
Resilience
- Resilience is the capacity to: o Overcome unexpected problems o Adapt to change – eg. Sea level rise o Prepare for and survive catastrophes the ability of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks
What are some jobs I can do?
- Urban planning- govt., private sector
- Urban design- architecture, landscape arch., environmental design
- Public administration- municipalities, etc.
- Real estate and development
- Engineering: civil, private
What is Urban
Urban is where land has been converted from a natural landscape to a developed one by humans
Geography
The study of Space and Time and how the two interact
Epistomology
How do we know what we know
Positivism
scientific method how can you disagree with my numbers
Structuralism
agrees with Postivism- but thinking that knowledge is more than just data- need to dig into it a bit deeper
Humanism
positivism is too scientific- meaning and experience is more important: we need to understand people not just numbers
Post- structuralism
realities are socially produced
The 3 Preconditions to urban formation
Technology, Ecology, Power
4 key factors to the emergence of towns and cities
Agricultural surplus, religion (theocracy), defensive needs, trading requirements
Ancient city: sumerian city- UR
- Very similar to how we currently build cities
- near a water body
central
public space
defensive walls
Imperial City: Rome
- organized as a means to establish territory
- take over territory + establish other cities
Trading/capitalist city: venice
- controlling trade
- early tourist city
- established to make money
- geographically positioned to optimize on the land for success
Industrial City: London
- Industrial Revolution
- late 1700;s- early 1800’s
- manufacturing city
- Economies of scale
changes in the power supply-> coal + steam engine - Poor health situations
- Technical improvements in machinery
- shift in production to factory systems
combustion engine -> FORD- changed the world - Life was hard
-“kids are the salmon of our cities”
What is the Fertile Crescent?
- Under Iran
- above syrian Dessert
-the historical version of the fraser valley
Surrounded by water on each side - first settlements beginning to form
What were the waves of transportation>
Canals ,Rail, Car, Airplane, Maglev next?
Primate City
- cities that concentrate a high degree of the entire national population or of national political, intellectual, or economic life- ie Paris or Bangkok
Gateway City
a city that serves as a link between one country or region and others because of its physical location- ie Vancouver, Sydney, New York
World City
- centers of the world economy, places where critical decision making and interaction take place with regard to global economic, cultural, and political issues- ie London, Tokyo, New York
What are the 3 levels of scale
Global, Regional/National, Metropolitan
What are the Preconditions to Urban Formation
Technology, Ecology, Power
What is Vances Mercantile Cities model?
- based on business and trade
- 1st explore from Europe, bring back information
- 2nd use info to harvest resources to bring back to Europe and sell goods back to mainland
- 3rd make settlements- farming base of ops
- 4th emergence of regional gateway cities- optimize for trade- warehouses, little residential, lots of connectivity
What shape fills the requirements of Central Place Theory, and why?
A hexagon, because it divides the space evenly , each market region has the least distance possible, and has a uniform shape
Why is driving so ‘cheap’ here
Because we aren’t paying the true price: time lost, environmental costs, sprawl
How did Suburbs develop
Downtowns were crummy places to live (unhealthy, dirty, gross) people who had the means moved outside for “country Living” - was too popular, and everyone moved out and gutted out the downtown
What are the different kinds of suburbs, give an example
Streetcar- Dunbar, Kits
Car- Richmond, Burnaby
Why are suburbs unsustainable
The density is too low, so it’s a drain on resourses (Environmental), not dense enough to sustain a business (economic), can’t make friends and a community because people are always in their cars (social)
How do we retrofit suburbs
Increase density to make them little cities, but keep the buildings low-rise
What fuel allowed for sprawl
Cheap Oil- now we are reaching peak oil- unsustainable without it
Why do the suburbs not work
There are no amenities- it’s the inconveniences of the country and the city
Why are Suburbs Environmentally unsustainable
- Peak oil
- building onto the ALR
- The need to drive everywhere
Why are Suburbs Socially unsustainable
- Lack of accessability to seniors, minorities of all sorts
- Distances too far, become isolated due to car
Why are Suburbs Economically unsustainable
- Not dense enough for a business need foot traffic
- Need to buy everything- consumer debt
Endogenous
An internal pressure (Slow burn)
Exogenous
An external pressure (Fast burn)
What are two Endogenous pressures to Suburbia
- Social- there’s no place for disable people like seniors
- Environmental- aging infrastructure
What are two Exogenous pressures to Suburbia
- Environmental- not resilient (what happens if the hwy collapses)
- uses too may resources
What can we do about Suburbia?
Make usable, livable cities
- more parks/green space
- densify
- Mixed use buildings
- carpooling
What are 3 examples of
endogenous pressures
climate change, infrastructure decay, aging population
What are 3 examples of
exogenous pressures
refugees, cataclysmic events, resource constraints
Sustainable Urbanization
represents the objective for managing the dynamics of future city development to achieve desirable environmental, social, economic and political- institutional outcome for the long term.
Vulnurable infrastructure- what are two direct threats
Earthquakes, flash flooding
Vulnurable infrastructure- what are two indirect threats
- Winter in vancouver- Buses and cars need winter tires, salt, and sand
- Overuse- the intersection of Main and 12th has grooves from where cars go over- water will pool there
What can be done about Vulnurable infrastructure
Cities need to plan for the long term investment to maintain and update to make it as convenient as possible
What is an example of a sustainable community and why?
Marine Gateway because it’s dense, has good access to transit
Globalization
is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture
Capitalism
an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit
What happens when Capitalism and Globalization get together?
Hyper global capitalism
What is the difference between a Multinational and a transnational corporation and what is an example of each
- A Multinational corp. is based and fundementally tied to one home nation-state. - ex. Walmart
- A Transnational corp. is not attached to a single nation-state- ex. Coca-cola
What is the problem with Transnational corporations
They are freer to pursue global strategies that may conflict with the interests of nation-states- little to check them
What is the relationship between core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries
Core countries exploit semi, and periphery countries and semi periphery counties exploit periphery countries
How does global capitalism play out in Vancouver
- Expo ‘86 and the olympics- benefits a few
What are two positives for global capitalism
- Economy of scale- cheap stuff
- International accessibility
What are 2 negatives for global capitalism
- Social strife- DTES
- Housing affordability
What is the bigger picture, and what can we do about it?
We are doomed- socially, environmentally. But we can enact social change to fix the world and use technology to reverse or reduce the impact we have on the environment
approximately when did the baby boom occur and why?
After WW2- soldiers reuniting with their families
name 2 epistemologies
Structuralism, post-structuralism
what was the common characteristic about the top 8 larges cities in the world as
all port cities
What are the 3 pillars of sustainability
Social, environmental, economical
Name 2 endogenous and 2 exogenous pressures facing cities today
Endo- Aging infrastructure, changing population; Exo- resource constraint, refugees
- Name the 3 preconditions to urban formation
Technology, Ecology, Power
- In what part of the world were the first ancient cities located and why
the fertile crescent because there were all the three preconditions to urban formation
- What energy source fuelled the early stages of the industrial revolution
coal
- What does the central place theory attempt to answer
the relationship between a core city and it’s hinterland
Vancouver is an example of what type of city
Gateway city
Fabricum Mundi
Forming the earth
