Vocab Flashcards
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA that has been artificially created by combining species from different organisms
What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology is technology using organisms, cells,or even molecules, from cells in order to help improve our health, and to identify people
What is Human Genome Project (GCP)?
It helps to understand the genetic make up of human species by determine the DNA base sequence of our chromosomes.
What is GenBank?
Genomic sequences in a database
What is Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) ?
When there is a single difference in DNA sequence occurring in a single nucleotide.
Ex.(TACTTG and TAGTTG)
What are short tandem repeats?
Micro-satellites that identify people and create DNA fingerprinting and it consist of adjacent units of 2-6 bases in lengths.
Ex. TGCA would repeat in a DNA sequence.
STR profiling
Analyzing a series of short tandem repeats(STRs)
What are PCRs?
They are used to copy the repeats at specific loci or the specific place in the chromosome where the gene is found
What is Combined Index DNA System (CODIS)?
It is where DNA fingerprint profiles made from the 13 STR loci are stored and they are usually ones of criminals, missing people, and victims.
What is Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)?
It amplifies specific regions of a DNA strand millions of times and it goes through a cycle with 3 main steps: Denaturation, annealing, and extension.
What is Denaturation?
It heats the PCR to 94-98 degrees for 30-60 secs to break the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases of the DNA strands in order to end up with single DNA stands so that they can be copied.
What is annealing?
It lowers the temperature of PCR to 50-65 degrees for 30-60 secs which allows binding of the primers to the single stranded DNA.
What are primers?
Primers are strands that are 17-22 nucleotides long and bind to only one area in the genome
What is extension?
It sets the PCR to a medium temperature of 72 degrees which is the temp of Taq polymerase, and it adds dNTPs thereby copying the single strands of DNA. The extension depends on the length of the DNA fragment to be amplified.
What is Taq polymerase?
It is the bacterium that lives in hot springs and is able to stand the high temperature needed to denature DNA during PCR profiling, and extends the primer by dNTPs thereby copying the single strands of DNA
