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Anatomy Semester 2 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Cephalization

A

Evolutionary development of the rostral (anterior) portion of the CNS
Increased number of neurons in the head
Highest level is reached in the human brain

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3
Q

Gyri

A

The ridges in the brain

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4
Q

Sulci

A

The shallow grooves in the brain

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5
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

Separates the the two hemispheres

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6
Q

Transverse Cerebral Fissure

A

Separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

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7
Q

Central sulcus

A

Separates the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe and the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

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8
Q

Parietooccipital Sulcus

A

Separates the parietal and occipital lobes

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9
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Separates parietal and temporal lobes

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10
Q

Insula

A

The layer under the medial surface

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11
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Thin superficial layer of gray matter

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12
Q

Motor areas

A

Primary (somatic) motor cortex;Premotor cortex;Broca’s area; Frontal eye field

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13
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Large pyramidal cells of the precentral gyri

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14
Q

Pyramidal cells

A

Brain neurons with many many dendrites;triangle shaped

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15
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Plays a role in direct behavior

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16
Q

Broca’s area

A

Controls muscles of the tounge

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17
Q

Frontal eye field

A

Controls voluntary eye movement

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18
Q

Sensory areas

A

Conscious awareness of sensation

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19
Q

P.somatosensory cortex

A

Receives sensory information, interprets where it’s from

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20
Q

Associaction cortex

A

Integrates sensory input from p.somatonsory cortex

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21
Q

P. visual cortex

A

Receives visual information from retinas, post exp to interpret visual stimuli

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22
Q

Auditory association area

A

Stores memories of odors

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23
Q

Gustatory cortex

A

Perception if tast

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24
Q

Visual sensory area

A

Conscious perception of visceral sensations

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25
Q

Vestibular cortex

A

Balance center

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26
Q

Multimodal association areas

A

Gives meaning to info,stores memory

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27
Q

Post association area

A

Recognizes patterns and faces

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28
Q

Anterior association area

A

Contains memory for judgement/conscience

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29
Q

Limbic association area

A

Emotional impact to establish memories

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30
Q

Lateralization

A

Division of labor between hemispheres

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31
Q

Cerebral dominance

A

Designates dominate language hemisphere

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32
Q

C white matter

A

Mylelated fibers responsible or communication

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33
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Connects two hemishoeres

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34
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Divides cerebral hemispheres

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35
Q

Association fibers

A

Connects different parts if the same hemisphere

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36
Q

Projection fibers

A

Hemispheres to the spinal cord

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37
Q

Basal nuclei

A

Subcortial nuclei, regulates attention, cognition, movements

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38
Q

Diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle: thalamus,hypothalamus,pineal gland

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39
Q

Thalamus

A

80% of diencephalon- gateway to cerebral cortex;sorts,edits, releases info

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40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Autonomic control and emotional responses, regulates sleep

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41
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Controls hormone release

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42
Q

Pineal gland

A

Secrets melatonin

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43
Q

Epithalamion

A

Roof of 3rd ventricle

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44
Q

Midbrain

A

Between diencephalon and pons

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45
Q

C. Pendundes

A

Contains pyramidal motor tracts

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46
Q

Corpora quadrigemina

A

Domelike dorsal protrusions

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47
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Linked to basal nucle

48
Q

Red nucleus

A

Relay nuclei info, builds eyeballs

49
Q

Pons

A

Connects brain centers to spinal cord

50
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Automotic reflex center-cardiovascular,respiratorg

51
Q

Cerebellum

A

Provides precise timing for muscle movements

52
Q

Cerebellum

A

Provides precise timing for muscle movements

53
Q

Purkinje cells

A

Primary neuron cell in myocardium, very large

54
Q

Arbor vitae

A

Treelike pattern of white matter in cerbellum

55
Q

Limbic system

A

Emotional or affective brain

56
Q

Amygdale

A

Recognizes fear and facial expressions

57
Q

Psychosomatic illness

A

Illness with amental side effects and symptoms

58
Q

Reticular formation

A

Sends impulses to cerebral cortex or keep it conscious/alert

59
Q

EEG

A

records electric brain wave activity

60
Q

A waves

A

Idling brain

61
Q

B waves

A

Mentally alert

62
Q

T waves

A

Irregular sporadic

63
Q

D waves

A

Seen in deep sleep/anasthesin;may indicate brain change

64
Q

Aura

A

Sensory hallucinations

65
Q

Consciousness

A

Perception of sensation/ initiation if control movement

66
Q

Non-remsleep

A

Restorative sleep; 4 stages

67
Q

REM sleep

A

Dreaming, information purge

68
Q

Memory

A

Storage and retrieval of information

69
Q

S-t memory

A

Temporary holding of information working memory of a few things

70
Q

L-t memory

A

Limitless capacity, takes time to transfer from STM

71
Q

Declarative memory

A

Factual knowledge

72
Q

Memory consolidation

A

Hippocampus and temporal lobes access memory

73
Q

Procedural memory

A

Basal nuclei relay input to the thalamus/ peremptory cortex

74
Q

Motor memory

A

Involves cerebellum

75
Q

Emotional memory

A

Involved amygdala

76
Q

Meninges

A

Membranes protecting the CBS

77
Q

Dura mater

A

Strongest layer; limits excessive brain movement

78
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle,weblike layer that keeps CSF moving

79
Q

Pia Mater

A

Vascularized connective tissue that clings to the brain

80
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Clear-watery fluid fills Soave with pia and arachnoid mater

81
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Barrier with tissues and circulating blood/CNS

82
Q

Spinal cord

A

Bundle of nerve fibers enclosed in spine

83
Q

Alar plate

A

Neural structure in embryonic system

84
Q

Basal plate

A

Flat structure or layer protection of the nerves

85
Q

Spinal dura mater

A

Three layers of meninges protecting cord

86
Q

Epidural space

A

The outermost part in the spinal column

87
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

Therapeutic removal of centesis fluid

88
Q

Perephrial nervous system

A

The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

89
Q

Mechanore ceptors

A

Sense organ the responds to mechanical stimulus

90
Q

Thermore ceptors

A

Sensory receptor responds to heat and cold

91
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Responds to light falling on receptor

92
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Responsive to chemical stimuli

93
Q

Nociceptors

A

Sensitive to tissue trama, damage of tissue

94
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Receptor that receives external stimuli

95
Q

Interceptors

A

Receives stimulus from within body

96
Q

Interceptors

A

Receives stimulus from within body

97
Q

Proprinceptors

A

Responds to position and movement

98
Q

Free nerve ending

A

Unspecified, afferent nerve ensig

99
Q

Sensation

A

Of or related to a physical sensation/ feeling

100
Q

Perception

A

To be able to see, hear, or become aware

101
Q

Somatosensory system

A

Bodily perception, includes skin senses

102
Q

Receptor potential

A

Graded potential in sensory system

103
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves that are from the brain

104
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 nerves emerging from spinal cord

105
Q

Ventral roots

A

Pass ventrally from the spinal cord

106
Q

Dorsal roots

A

Pass dorsally to the spinal cord

107
Q

Dorsal ramps

A

Posterior branches of the spinal nerves

108
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Anterior divisions of the spinal nerves

109
Q

Meninejeal branch

A

Artery vessels branching form pharyngeal artery

110
Q

Nerve plexuses

A

A network of intersecting nerves

111
Q

Cuteineous nerves

A

Nerve that intervates the skin

112
Q

Cutaneous nerves

A

Nerve that intervates the skin

113
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Responsible for control of bodily functions

114
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Actions that don’t require direct action

115
Q

Sympathetic division

A

A Setor series of interconnected parts that act together in a common purpose the produce results

Anatomy Semester 2 (1 decks)

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