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Chapter 10 Med Term > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

A

Acetycholine

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2
Q

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve)

A

Afferent nerve

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3
Q

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

A

Arachnoid membrane

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4
Q

Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

A

Astrocyte

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5
Q

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

A

Autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

A

Axon

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7
Q

Protective separation between the blood brain cells. This makes it difficult for substances (such as anticancer drugs) to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain

A

blood-brain barrier

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8
Q

Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

A

brainstem

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9
Q

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

A

cauda equina

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10
Q

Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

A

cell body

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11
Q

The brain and the spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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12
Q

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

A

cerebellum

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13
Q

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain

A

cerebral cortex

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14
Q

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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15
Q

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory

A

Cerebrum

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16
Q

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck

A

cranial nerves

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17
Q

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse

A

dendrite

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18
Q

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal. Latin for “hard mother”

A

dura mater

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19
Q

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve

A

efferent nerve

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20
Q

Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependymal cell

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21
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

A

ganglion

22
Q

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses. Glial cells can reproduce themselves, as opposed to neurons

A

glial cell (neuroglial cell)

23
Q

Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

A

gyrus

24
Q

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body, temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

25
Q

Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here

A

medulla oblongata

26
Q

Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

27
Q

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system

A

microglial cell

28
Q

uppermost portion of the brainstem

A

midbrain

29
Q

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve

A

motor nerve

30
Q

Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons

A

myelin sheath

31
Q

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses

A

nerve

32
Q

Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system

A

neuron

33
Q

chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell

A

neurotransmitter

34
Q

glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. also called oligodendrocyte

A

oligodendroglial cell

35
Q

Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract

A

parasympathetic nerves

36
Q

Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system. The parenchyma of the nervous system includes the neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses.

A

parenchyma

37
Q

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves

A

peripheral nervous system

38
Q

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

A

pia mater

39
Q

Large, interlacing network of nerves

A

plexus

40
Q

part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain

A

pons

41
Q

organ that receives a nervous stimulate and passes it on to afferent nerves

A

receptor

42
Q

nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thing, lower led, and foot

A

sciatic nerve

43
Q

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve

A

sensory nerve

44
Q

thirty-one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

A

spinal nerves

45
Q

agent of change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response

A

stimulus

46
Q

connective and supporting tissue of an organ. Glial cells make up the stromal tissue of the brain

A

stroma

47
Q

depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure

A

sulcus

48
Q

autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

A

sympathetic nerves

49
Q

space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells

A

synapse

50
Q

Main relay center of the brain

A

thalamus

51
Q

tenth cranial nerve

A

vagus nerve

52
Q

canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid

A

ventricles of the brain

Chapter 10 Med Term (4 decks)

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