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TOEFL > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Adamant

A

Refusing to change an opinion.

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2
Q

Adverse

A

Unfavorable; against one’s desires.

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3
Q

Aggregate

A

To combine.

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4
Q

Aggressive

A

Assertive and pushy.

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5
Q

Allocate

A

1) To put aside for a specific purpose.

2) To distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose.

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6
Q

Amateur

A

Someone who is inexperienced or not highly skilled in a particular area.

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7
Q

Ambiguous

A

Having several potential meanings; unclear and difficult to understand.

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8
Q

Anomaly

A

Deviation from the norm.

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9
Q

Antagonize

A

To tease or be hostile towards a person or group.

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10
Q

Attribute

A

To give credit.

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11
Q

Arbitrary

A

Based on a whim or random decision.

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12
Q

Arduous

A

Requiring a lot of effort.

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13
Q

Assuage

A

To lessen a negative feeling.

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14
Q

Augment

A

To increase or make larger by adding to it.

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15
Q

Berate

A

To scold.

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16
Q

Brash

A

Rude and tactless.

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17
Q

Brusque

A

Abrupt to the point of rudeness.

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18
Q

Cacophony

A

A harsh, unpleasant mixture of noise.

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19
Q

Cease

A

To stop.

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20
Q

Censure

A

To express strong disapproval.

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21
Q

Coalesce

A

To combine or grow together.

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22
Q

Coerce

A

To force someone to do something against their will.

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23
Q

Cognizant

A

Being aware or having knowledge of something.

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24
Q

Cohesion

A

Uniting; becoming one.

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25
Q

Concur

A

To agree.

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26
Q

Constrain

A

To restrict or repress.

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27
Q

Convey

A

1) To make known.

2) To transport from one place to another.

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28
Q

Copious

A

Abundant.

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29
Q

Corrode

A

To gradually wear away.

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30
Q

Cumbersome

A

Burdensome; clumsy

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31
Q

Deplete

A

To significantly decrease.

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32
Q

Deposit

A

To deliver and leave an item.

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33
Q

Despise

A

To hate.

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34
Q

Deter

A

To discourage.

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35
Q

Devise

A

To plan or create.

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36
Q

Diatribe

A

A sharp criticism or attack.

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37
Q

Divert

A

To cause a change of course.

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38
Q

Dynamic

A

Constantly changing.

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39
Q

Eloquent

A

Moving speech or writing.

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40
Q

Epitome

A

A perfect example of something.

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41
Q

Evade

A

To avoid or escape.

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42
Q

Exemplary

A

Worthy of imitation.

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43
Q

Expertise

A

Expert knowledge or skill in a particular field.

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44
Q

Extract

A

To get or remove something.

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45
Q

Famine

A

A time when there is an extreme lack of food.

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46
Q

Feasible

A

Possible to do.

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47
Q

Frivolous

A

Unnecessary; of little importance

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48
Q

Garbled

A

Communication that is distorted and unclear.

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49
Q

Grandiose

A

Pompous; overly important.

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50
Q

Hackneyed

A

Overused and unoriginal.

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51
Q

Haphazard

A

Lacking planning; random

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52
Q

Implement

A

To carry out; execute

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53
Q

Impose

A

To force upon.

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54
Q

Incentive

A

A reason to do something.

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55
Q

Incessant

A

Continuing without pause.

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56
Q

Incidental

A

A minor part.

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57
Q

Incite

A

To urge on.

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58
Q

Indefatigable

A

Untiring.

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59
Q

Indisputable

A

Not able to be challenged.

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60
Q

Inflate

A

To increase in size.

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61
Q

Integral

A

Necessary to complete the whole.

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62
Q

Integrate

A

To combine.

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63
Q

Intrepid

A

Fearless.

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64
Q

Intricate

A

Highly detailed.

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65
Q

Invasive

A

Intrusive.

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66
Q

Irascible

A

Easy to anger.

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67
Q

Irresolute

A

Uncertain.

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68
Q

Jointly

A

Together.

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69
Q

Knack

A

A special talent or skill.

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70
Q

Lampoon

A

To mock or ridicule.

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71
Q

Languish

A

To become weak; to be neglected.

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72
Q

Leery

A

Wary.

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73
Q

Legitimate

A

Lawful.

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74
Q

Ludicrous

A

Ridiculous.

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75
Q

Morose

A

Gloomy, depressed.

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76
Q

Negligent

A

Lazy, neglectful.

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77
Q

Nonchalant

A

Indifferent, unexcited

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78
Q

Oppress

A

1) To unfairly burden.
2) Abuse, maltreat
3) Depress, make gloomy

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79
Q

Paradigm

A

A typical example of something.

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80
Q

Parsimonious

A

Frugal (sparing), stingy (ungenerous)

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81
Q

Partake

A

To join in.

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82
Q

Partial

A

Preferring one option over others.

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83
Q

Paucity

A

Something existing in very small amounts; scarcity.

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84
Q

Peripheral

A

Located on the side or edge.

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85
Q

Pertain

A

Relate.

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86
Q

Potent

A

Powerful.

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87
Q

Pragmatic

A

Practical, sensible.

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88
Q

Progeny

A

Offspring.

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89
Q

Proximity

A

Nearness in time or space.

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90
Q

Recapitulate

A

To give a brief summary.

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91
Q

Recede

A

To retreat.

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92
Q

Reproach

A

To express disapproval or disappointment.

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93
Q

Resent

A

To feel bitterness or anger towards someone or something.

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94
Q

Retain

A

To continue to do something or keep something.

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95
Q

Retract

A
  1. To draw back in.

2. To withdraw something after it’s found to be untrue.

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96
Q

Rhetorical

A

Used just for style or impact.

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97
Q

Safeguard

A

Something that serves as protection or ensures safety.

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98
Q

Scrutinize

A

To very carefully examine.

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99
Q

Severe

A
  1. Harsh/strict.

2. Grave, critical.

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100
Q

Solitary

A

Alone; without others.

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101
Q

Squalid

A

Filthy and unpleasant.

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102
Q

Stagnant

A

Sluggish, showing little/no movement.

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103
Q

Subsequent

A

Coming after something in time.

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104
Q

Supplant

A

To take the place of something else.

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105
Q

Suspend

A
  1. To temporarily stop.

2. To hang something from somewhere.

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106
Q

Terminal

A

Situated at the end.

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107
Q

Transparent

A

Easy to detect.

108
Q

Unobtrusive

A

Not attracting attention.

109
Q

Unscathed

A

Unharmed.

110
Q

Unjust

A

Unfair.

111
Q

Vacillate

A

To waver or be indecisive.

112
Q

Vestige

A

A small trace of something that is disappearing or has already disappeared.

113
Q

Vilify

A

To speak poorly of; to slander (make false and damaging statements)

114
Q

Whereas

A

On the contrary.

115
Q

catastrophic

A

extremely harmful; causing financial or physical ruin

116
Q

inherent

A

naturally characteristic; always found within something, because it’s a basic part of that thing

117
Q

bode

A

to indicate (something, such as a future event) by signs

1) bode well: good things will come
2) bode ill: bad things will come

118
Q

deplete

A

to greatly decrease the supply of a resource or material

119
Q

elementally

A

in terms of elements; basically

120
Q

reservoir

A

a place where a liquid is collected and stored

121
Q

arbitrary

A

chosen simply by whim or chance, not for any specific reason

122
Q

infinitesimal

A

immeasurably small

123
Q

gut

A

to empty or hollow out

124
Q

integrally

A

in a whole or complete manner

125
Q

retain

A

to keep or hold

126
Q

corrode

A

to be slowly weakened by chemical reactions

127
Q

expeditiously

A

quickly and efficiently

128
Q

combustion

A

the process of burning

129
Q

discretely

A

separately; distinctly

130
Q

nucleus

A

a central or essential part around which other parts are gathered; a core

131
Q

acquisition

A

the act of taking possession of something

132
Q

degrade

A

1) treat or regard (someone) with contempt or disrespect.
2) to reduce in value or strength
3) deteriorate chemically

133
Q

recede

A

to move back or away from

134
Q

agnostic

A

believing that humans cannot know whether there is a god

135
Q

animism

A

the belief that natural objects, such as trees, have souls

136
Q

atheist

A

one who does not believe in the existence of a supreme being

137
Q

deify

A

to worship (someone/something) as a god

138
Q

ecclesiastical

A

relating to a church

139
Q

exalt

A

to praise or honor

140
Q

aggravate

A

to make worse; to anger or intensify

141
Q

decrepit

A

weakened or worn out because of age, illness, or excessive use

142
Q

prognosis

A

an educated guess of how something will develop, especially a disease

143
Q

certifiably

A

in a manner that is officially recognized

144
Q

astrological

A

related to the study of the position of stars, the sun, and the planets in the belief that they influence earthly events

145
Q

divination

A

the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means.

146
Q

intermediary

A

mediator

147
Q

invoke

A

to call on for help/support

148
Q

phantom

A

ghost

149
Q

psychic

A

relating to the supposed ability of the human mind to sense things that cannot be observed

150
Q

self-perpetuating

A

having the power to renew oneself for an indefinite period of time

151
Q

assimilate

A

1) take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully.
2) absorb and integrate (people, ideas, or culture) into a wider society or culture.
3) absorb & digest
4) cause something to resemble

152
Q

cremation

A

the act of burning the dead

153
Q

folklore

A

the traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a community, passed through the generations orally

154
Q

relic

A

something left from a long-ago culture, time period, or person

155
Q

rite

A

a ceremony meant to achieve a certain purpose

156
Q

ritually

A

as part of a traditional ceremony or habit

157
Q

saga

A

1) a long story of heroic achievement

2) a long story

158
Q

de facto (adv)

A

in reality; actually

159
Q

de facto (adj)

A

actual; especially: being such in effect though not formally recognized

160
Q

notion

A

A belief; a fanciful impulse, a conception of or belief about something; an impulse or desire, esp. one of a whimsical kind

161
Q

erudite

A

highly educated; having or showing great knowledge or learning

162
Q

fortify

A

to strengthen as to protect against attack

163
Q

implicitly

A

without being stated; unquestioningly; in a way that is not directly expressed

164
Q

parochial

A

1) relating to a church parish.

2) having a limited or narrow outlook or scope; narrow-minded

165
Q

rigor

A

1) the quality of being extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate.
2) severity or strictness.
3) demanding, difficult, or extreme conditions.

166
Q

roster

A

1) a list, especially of names

2) a list or plan showing turns of duty or leave for individuals or groups in an organization.

167
Q

secular

A

denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.

168
Q

allegiance

A

loyalty, commitment

169
Q

artillery

A

1) large guns that shoot powerful shells

2) army units that handle such guns

170
Q

in the trenches

A

in the middle of the hardest fighting or work

171
Q

mobilize

A

1) (of a country or its government) prepare and organize (troops) for active service.
2) arouse, awaken, generate
3) bring (resources) into use in order to achieve a particular goal.
4) make (something) movable or capable of movement.

172
Q

strategic

A

1) relating to the identification of long-term or overall aims and interests and the means of achieving them; planned, calculated
2) carefully designed or planned to serve a particular purpose or advantage.

173
Q

annex

A

Attach, add

1) to attach as a quality, consequence, or condition
2) to add to something earlier, larger, or more important annexed a bibliography to the thesis

174
Q

apex

A

the highest point

175
Q

conquest

A

a takeover by force or continued effort

176
Q

prevailing

A

1) existing at a particular time; current.

2) having the most appeal or influence; prevalent (widespread)

177
Q

milieu

A

environment

178
Q

Orwellian

A

frightening and overcontrolled by a government that interferes in nearly every aspect of personal life

179
Q

reconciliation

A

1) the restoration of friendly relations.

2) the action of making one view or belief compatible with another.

180
Q

commodity

A

a thing that can be bought and sold

181
Q

equity

A

1) fairness, impartial

2) the value of the shares issued by a company; value, worth

182
Q

inflation

A

a situation in which prices for many items rise quite fast

183
Q

net

A

after all costs have been subtracted from an amount

184
Q

per capita

A

for each person

185
Q

subsidy

A

money given by a government or other organization to support an activity

186
Q

affluence

A

wealth and the style of life that goes with it

187
Q

elite

A

belonging to a special, honored group; a group of people considered (by others or themselves) to be the best in a particular society or category, esp. because of their power, talent, or wealth

188
Q

nobility

A

1) the quality of being noble in character, mind, birth, or rank.
2) the group of people belonging to the noble class in a country, especially those with a hereditary or honorary title.

189
Q

working class

A

the social group consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work. (not poor, but not middle class)

190
Q

assess

A

1) evaluate/estimate

2) calculate

191
Q

liability

A

1) Legal responsibility for something

2) a person or thing whose presence or behavior is likely to cause embarrassment or put one at a disadvantage

192
Q

proprietor

A

owner, usually of a business or a building

193
Q

Propriety

A

1) the state or quality of conforming to conventionally accepted standards of behavior or morals.
2) the condition of being right, appropriate, or fitting.

194
Q

safeguard

A

protect

195
Q

sole

A

only

196
Q

enterprising

A

1) having or showing initiative and resourcefulness; resourceful, entrepreneurial, imaginative
2) marked by an independent energetic spirit and by readiness to act

197
Q

incentive

A

1) a thing that motivates or encourages one to do something.

2) a payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment.

198
Q

industrious

A

diligent & hard-working

199
Q

marginal

A

not very significant or effective

200
Q

distill

A

1) purify (a liquid) by vaporizing it, then condensing it by cooling the vapor, and collecting the resulting liquid.
2) extract the essential meaning or most important aspects of.

201
Q

entrepreneurial

A

1) characterized by the taking of financial risks in the hope of profit; enterprising.
2)

202
Q

haggle

A

dispute or bargain persistently, especially over the cost of something.

203
Q

intrepid

A

fearless

204
Q

prototype

A

the first one made of a machine or system

205
Q

shuttle (v.)

A

to move back and forth often between two places

206
Q

inaugurate

A

1) begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period).
2) admit (someone) formally to public office.
3) mark the beginning or first public use of (an organization or project).

207
Q

allegedly

A

according to what people say, although there is no proof

208
Q

civil

A

1) relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns
2) (law) relating to private relations between members of a community; noncriminal.
3) Polite

209
Q

verdict

A

a judgment in a court case

210
Q

apprehend

A

1) Arrest someone for a crime

2) understand or perceive.

211
Q

ascertain

A

find (something) out for certain; make sure of.

212
Q

bureaucratic

A

related to a large organization with a lot of complicated procedures

213
Q

condemn

A

to speak out against something in very strong terms; express complete disapproval of; censure, criticize

214
Q

implicate

A

1) show (someone) to be involved in a crime.

2) imply

215
Q

inquiry

A

an official investigation

216
Q

assail

A

1) make a concerted or violent attack on.

2) criticize (someone) strongly.

217
Q

objectively

A

based on unbiased standards, not on personal opinion

218
Q

cynical

A

1) believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity.
2) doubtful
3) contemptuous; mocking.
4) concerned only with one’s own interests and typically disregarding accepted or appropriate standards in order to achieve them.

219
Q

evade

A

avoid

220
Q

grotesque

A

extremely unattractive, in a way that catches a lot of attention; comically or repulsively ugly or distorted

221
Q

unmask

A

unmask

222
Q

coerce

A

1) to force; to put pressure on someone to do something

2) obtain (something) by using force or threats.

223
Q

detain

A

to prevent someone, for a relatively short time, from going on their way

224
Q

deviant

A

in a style that is not normal/morally correct and is offensive to many

225
Q

piracy

A

1) the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea.
2) a practice similar to piracy but in other contexts, especially hijacking
3) the unauthorized use or reproduction of another’s work.

226
Q

predicament

A

a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation.

227
Q

villainy

A

wicked or criminal behavior.

228
Q

cartel

A

1) an association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition.
2) a written agreement between belligerent nations
3) a combination of political groups for common action

229
Q

interdict

A

an authoritative prohibition.

230
Q

juxtapose

A

place or deal with close together for contrasting effect.

231
Q

potent

A

powerful

232
Q

residual

A

remaining after the greater part or quantity has gone; remaining, leftover

233
Q

kin

A

relatives

234
Q

legitimate

A

1) true

2) in the context of family, born of a mother and father who were married to each other

235
Q

proximity

A

closeness

236
Q

sentiment

A

1) feelings

2) opinion

237
Q

confide

A

tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat it to others.

238
Q

solidarity

A

unity (as of a group or class), especially among individuals with a common interest; mutual support within a group.

239
Q

despondent (adj.)

A

feeling or showing extreme discouragement, dejection (low spirits), or depression

240
Q

engender

A

1) to cause to exist or to develop; produce

2) (of a father) beget (offspring).

241
Q

proliferation

A

1) rapid increase in numbers.

2) a large number of something.

242
Q

reciprocity

A

the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one country or organization to another.

243
Q

berate

A

scold or criticize (someone) angrily.

244
Q

contemptuous

A

scornful, disrespectful

245
Q

obnoxious

A

extremely unpleasant, highly offensive

246
Q

stigmatize

A

describe or regard as worthy of disgrace or great disapproval.

247
Q

vitriolic

A

filled with bitter criticism or malice; acrimonious, rancorous

248
Q

delinquency

A

1) minor crime, especially that committed by young people.

2) neglect of one’s duty.

249
Q

fringe (adj.)

A

not part of the mainstream; unconventional, peripheral, or extreme.

250
Q

hedonistic

A

engaged in the pursuit of pleasure; sensually self-indulgent. (usually implies that the pleasures are wrong.)

251
Q

hypocritical

A

behaving in a way that suggests one has higher standards or more noble beliefs than is the case.

252
Q

status quo

A

the systems and conditions that exist now

253
Q

abstract (v.)

A

1) consider (something) theoretically or separately from something else.
2) extract or remove

254
Q

depict

A

1) show or represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form.
2) portray in words; describe.

255
Q

esthetically/aesthetically

A

in a way that relates to beauty

256
Q

intrinsic

A

being part of the basic nature of something

257
Q

realism

A

1) pragmatism

2) the quality or fact of representing a person, thing, or situation accurately or in a way that is true to life.

258
Q

advent

A

the arrival of a notable person, thing, or event.

259
Q

connotation

A

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning; implication

260
Q

denote

A

1) be a sign of; indicate.
2) stand as a name or symbol for.
3) to make known

261
Q

ingenious

A

clever, original, inventive

262
Q

inscription

A

something written into a piece of rock or metal

263
Q

phonetic

A

relating to speech sounds.

264
Q

gala

A

a social occasion with special entertainments or performances.

265
Q

exotic

A

1) originating in or characteristic of a distant foreign country.
2) strikingly, excitingly, or mysteriously different or unusual

266
Q

vanity

A

1) excessive pride in or admiration of one’s own appearance or achievements.
2) futility, uselessness

TOEFL (2 decks)

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