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Forestry > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

alternately arranged leaves

A

leaves that are arranged one after the other on opposite sides of a stem

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2
Q

annual rings

A

one year’s wood growth, as viewed in the cross section of a tree trunk. one year contains one light and one dark ring

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3
Q

artificial regeneration

A

the practice of planting seedlings or direct seeding for reestablishing a forest

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4
Q

azimuth

A

the horizontal angular distance measured clockwise from due north

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5
Q

azimuth compass

A

a compass that is graduated into 360 degree marks as a means of directional measurement

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6
Q

backfire

A

a slow moving fire that burns into the wind

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7
Q

bare root seedlings

A

nursery grown seedlings that are baled and delivered without soil around the roots

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8
Q

bark

A

the dead, outer layer of the tree that provide protection from drying, insects and disease, freezing, and fire

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9
Q

basal area

A

the cross-sectional area of the tree 4.5 feet above the ground

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10
Q

bedding

A

the process of molding the dirt into a hill that seedlings can be planted on to protect them from standing water

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11
Q

Best Management Practices

A

practices that are designed as the minimum standards necessary to protect water quality during forestry activities

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12
Q

board foot

A

a unit of volume measurement for saw timber equal to 144 cubic inches of wood

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13
Q

broadleaf trees

A

a term used for trees with wide leaves

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14
Q

buck

A

when a tree is cut into a desired length

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15
Q

canopy

A

the upper leaves of a tree

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16
Q

cellulose

A

the main constituent of the cell wall of most plants, prized for it’s use in making paper and many other products

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17
Q

certifiied wood products

A

wood products that come from forests that have been certified as a sustainable operation by an independent organization

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18
Q

chip-n-saw

A

a size class of timber larger than pulpwood and smaller than sawtimber which yields small dimension lumber and wood chips as products

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19
Q

chlorophyll

A

the green substance in plants, which acts a a catalyst in the photosynthesis process

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20
Q

chipping

A

a mechanical operation that removes small, undesirable vegetation by rolling a drum with multiple blades over it

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21
Q

circumference

A

the distance around the perimeter of a circle

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22
Q

clinometer

A

an instrument used to measure the heights of objects by using trigonometry

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23
Q

co-dominant trees

A

trees in the upper portion of the forest canopy that are taller and bigger than all but the largest “dominant” treees

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24
Q

compass

A

an instrument used to determine magnetic north and an azimuth

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25
Q

compound leaves

A

leaves that are made up of several leaflets together in a single leaf

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26
Q

conifer

A

trees that have needle-like or scale-like leaves, and usually bear cones

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27
Q

conservation

A

the controlled use and systematic protection of natural resources

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28
Q

containerized

A

a seedling that grows in a small container with soil around the roots

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29
Q

coppice

A

a process by which apical buds form new stems from the stump or roots of a tree

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30
Q

cord

A

a stack of wood 4’ x 4’ x 8’ (128 cubic feet) which contains both solid wood and air. generally results in about 90 cubic feet of solid wood

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31
Q

cork cambium

A

the layer of soft growing tissue in a plant that develops into new bark and new wood

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32
Q

deciduous

A

a tree that sheds all its leaves at the end of the growing season

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33
Q

de-limb

A

the process of removing the limbs from trees during the harvest operation

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34
Q

dendrology

A

the science of tree identification

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35
Q

diameter

A

the straight-line distance through the center of an object

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36
Q

diameter at breast height

A

(DBH) the diameter of a tree measured from a point 4.5 feet above the ground

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37
Q

dibble bar

A

a spade like device used to open holes for planting trees

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38
Q

dominant trees

A

the tallest, broadest trees of a forest that get the most sunlight

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39
Q

earlywood

A

the lighter colored, less dense wood that grows in the spring and summer

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40
Q

ecotone

A

(edge) an area where two plant communities come together

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41
Q

endangered species

A

a species with a population small enough that the US government has determined that it needs special protection to survive

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42
Q

environmental conditions

A

conditions that are a result of weather, climate, or the other parts of the ecological system

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43
Q

evapotranspiration

A

the process by which water is released as a vapor into the atmosphere through evaporation and respiration

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44
Q

even-aged forest

A

a forest that consists of trees of similar age

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45
Q

evergreen

A

a tree that holds onto its leaves through more than one year

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46
Q

feeder roots

A

roots at or near the soil surface that absorb most of the water and nutrients needed by the tree

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47
Q

feller-buncher

A

a wheeled or tracked vehicle with a timber cutting shear or saw that cuts and stacks harvested trees in one operation

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48
Q

fire break

A

a natural or man-made area where there are not forest fuels to carry a fire

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49
Q

flank fire

A

a fire burns perpendicular to the wind

50
Q

Florida Forest Service

A

the agency organized by the Florida Board of Forestry in the 1920s to help Florida replenish its wood resources

51
Q

forest fuels

A

any naturally occurring materials that can carry a fire, such as leaves, wood, grass and other vegetation, dead or alive

52
Q

Forest Management Practices

A

activities such as planting, burning, and harvesting that are incorporated into the management plan of a forest

53
Q

forestry

A

the art and science of cultivating, maintaining, and developing a forest and related natural resources

54
Q

galleries

A

the tunnels that insects make in wood

55
Q

galls

A

a swelling on a leaf or stem caused by an insect or pathogen

56
Q

genetically resistant variations

A

a plant or animal that is resistant to a disease, virus, or other infection/infestation because of genetic characteristics

57
Q

girdling

A

the practice of severing phloem tissue around a tree’s circumference

58
Q

grass stage

A

the early life stage of a longleaf pine or south Florida slash pine that resembles a clump of grass

59
Q

Gunter’s chain

A

a unit of length equal to 66 feet

60
Q

harvest

A

the activity of taking wood products from the forest

61
Q

head fire

A

a fire that moves in the direction of the wind

62
Q

heartwood

A

dead, inactive phloem located in the center of the tree

63
Q

herbicide

A

a chemical that is able to kill certain types of plants

64
Q

Integrated Pest Management

A

pest management that involves a variety of control measures for insects and diseases

65
Q

intermediate trees

A

trees that receive some sunlight from above, but none from the sides due to competition from the dominant and co-dominant trees

66
Q

lateral roots

A

roots that grow along the surface rather than deep into the soil

67
Q

latewood

A

the darker, more dense wood that also respire for the tree

68
Q

leaves

A

the tree’s food making factories that also respire for the tree and serve as insulation and protection from inclement weather

69
Q

log

A

a cut tree 16 feet long

70
Q

margins

A

the edge of a leaf. descriptions often help in the identification of the species to which the leaf belongs

71
Q

Master Logger Program

A

a program developed by the Florida Forestry Association that certifies loggers who have completed courses dealing with environmentally sound logging techniques

72
Q

merchantable tree height

A

the height of the portion of a tree that can be used for wood products

73
Q

mixed forest

A

a forest that has more than one dominant species

74
Q

multiple use forestry

A

managing forestland for more than one purpose; such as for timber, wildlife, aesthetics, recreation, and soil and water conservation

75
Q

mychorrizae

A

beneficial fungi that aid a root to absorb water and nutrients

76
Q

natural regeneration

A

the practice of relying on seed produced and spread from standing trees or coppicing for regeneration of a forest stand

77
Q

Naval Stores

A

products such as turpentine and rosin delivered from gum or resin of pines used in the naval industry

78
Q

oppositely arranged leaves

A

leaves that grow directly across from each other on a branch

79
Q

pace

A

two normal, relaxed steps

80
Q

pathogen

A

an organism capable of causing a disease

81
Q

pesticide

A

a chemical that kills or repels animal or insect pests

82
Q

phloem

A

tissue which conducts food manufactured in the crown to the rest of the tree

83
Q

photosynthesis

A

the food making process of all plants. carbon dioxide and water are combined to form sugars and oxygen using light energy

84
Q

pitch

A

the rosin inside a tree. it is commonly seen when it comes out of a tree after it is injured

85
Q

plots

A

points in the forest where sample measurements are taken

86
Q

poles

A

round timbers that are placed upright in holes in the ground

87
Q

prescribed burning

A

the application of fire as a management tool to obtain specific objectives desired to maintain and cultivate a forest

88
Q

Prime Meridian marker

A

a concrete marker in Tallahassee where the Township numbering system for the state begins

89
Q

prism

A

an instrument that is calibrated to determine the basal area of a forest by refracting light through a wedge shaped piece of glass

90
Q

pulpwood

A

standing timber or cut roundwood that is suitable for converting to pulp for making paper or cellulose based products

91
Q

range lines

A

parallel lines 6 miles apart running north-south that are numbered to denote east-west locations of townships

92
Q

recreation

A

engaging in activities for fun and enjoyment

93
Q

reforestation

A

the act of putting trees back where they once were

94
Q

root hairs

A

tiny projection of tree roots that absorb the bulk of nutrients and water required by the tree

95
Q

roots

A

the part of the tree that absorbs water and nutrients, and anchor the tree against wind and water

96
Q

rotations

A

the length of time from stand establishment (planting) to final harvest

97
Q

sapwood

A

active xylem tissue, the layer of wood that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the crown

98
Q

saw timber

A

trees suitable for the production of lumber

99
Q

scalping

A

the practice of peeling back the top layer of soil in a strip about 2.5 feet wide and 4 inches deep that reduces competition from other vegetation

100
Q

silviculture

A

the science of producing and tending a forest

101
Q

simple leaves

A

a leaf that does not have leaflets, only one true leaf

102
Q

skidder

A

a rubber-tired or tracked vehicle designed to pull logs through the woods to loading ares

103
Q

snags

A

standing dead treees

104
Q

Special Management Zones

A

an area immediately adjacent to a body of water where certain restrictions apply to forestry activities to protect the water quality

105
Q

stomata

A

openings in the leaf that releases water vapor to cool the leaf and the air around it

106
Q

suppressed trees

A

the slowest growing, weakest trees of a forest that receive no direct sunlight

107
Q

sustainable

A

the ability of something to last forever

108
Q

Sustainable Forestry

A

a program adopted by forest industries that encourages sustainable forestry operations

109
Q

taproot

A

the main supportive root of the tree’s root system. it serves as support for the rest of the tree and also aids in water and nutrient absorption

110
Q

total tree height

A

the total height of a tree from its base to the top of its highest leaves

111
Q

township lines

A

parallel lines 6 miles apart and running east-west that are numbered to denote north-south locations of townships

112
Q

tree-felling

A

the process of cutting down (felling) a tree

113
Q

trigonometry

A

a branch of mathematics that use the measurements of angles to determine relative information

114
Q

uneven-aged forest

A

a forest that is made up of trees that are of different ages

115
Q

vascular cambrium

A

the zone of xylem and phloem development where cells divide and differentiate into either xylem cells or phloem cells

116
Q

V-blad planting

A

planting that uses a bulldozer wit ha blade shaped like a “V” to clear logging debris and vegetation so that seedlings could be planted by a planter pulled behind it

117
Q

veneer

A

thin sheets of wood that are glued to other materials or each other, often to make plywood

118
Q

whole-tree chipping

A

the process of chipping an entire tee into small pieces to be used as mulch, pulp, or fuel

119
Q

whorled leaf arrangement

A

leaves that are arranged in a pattern that circles the stem

120
Q

wildlife

A

animals found in natural settings

121
Q

xylem

A

woody tissue which transports water and nutrients from the roots to the crown consisting of millions of tube-like cells

Forestry (1 decks)

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