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Biology1 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Biology

A

The study of living things (organism)

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2
Q

Cells

A

The building blocks for life

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A 
Single celled organisms
Don't have membrane enclosed organelles
Eg- bacteria & archea
-DNA is in the nucleiod
-no membrane bound internal compartments
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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Unicellular or multicellular
Have internal membranes that enclose organelles within their cells
Includes nucleus-contain genetic material

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5
Q

Data

A

Must be quantified using mathematical and statistical methods

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

A proposed explanation of observations that can be tested

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7
Q

Inductive logic

A

Uses observations or facts to develop a tentative answer or hypothesis

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8
Q

Deductive logic

A

Used to predict what facts would have to be true to be compatible with the hypothesis

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9
Q

Controlled experiments

A

Manipulate one or more of the factors being tested

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10
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable being manipulated or changed

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11
Q

Dependent variable

A

The response that is measured

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12
Q

Comparative experiments

A

Look for differences between samples or groups

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13
Q

Model systems

A

Using one type of organism to understand others

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14
Q

Cell theory

A

The first unifying theory of biology

  • the fundamental units of life
  • all organisms are composed of cells
  • all cells come from preexisting cells
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15
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Separates the inside of the cell from the environment

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16
Q

Nucleiod

A

The region in a prokaryote where the DNA is located

17
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The cellular material enclosed by the plasma membrane

18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein and RNA complexes that are the sites of protein synthesis

19
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid structure that surrounds many bacteria and provides structure

20
Q

Flagella

A

Corkscrew shaped appendages that help bacteria move

21
Q

Organelles

A

Eukaryotic cells have membrane enclosed compartments called organelles

22
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the DNA
Largest organelle
Site of DNA replication and RNA synthesis
Surrounded by a double membrane

23
Q

Nucleolus

A

Region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNAs(rRNA) are made

24
Q

Chromosome

A

Threadlike structure in nucelic acid and protein are found in nucleus

Circular
Eukaryotic cells the DNa is in linear chromosome

25
Q

Endomembrane system

A

A series of internal membranes that includes the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes

26
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of interconnected membranes in the cytoplasm

Large surface area

27
Q

Rough ER

A

Ribosomes are attached

Newly made proteins enter the rer lumen where they are modified, folded and transported to other regions

28
Q

Smooth er

A

More tubular
No ribosomes
Synthesis of lipids and steriods

29
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Composed of flattened sacs(cisternae) and small membrane enclosed vesicles

30
Q

Lysosomes

A

Originate from the Golgi apparatus

31
Q

Mitochondria

A

Both in plant and animal cells

Energy fuel molecules is transformed to the bond of energy rich atp

32
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Site of photosynthesis

Light energy is converted to the energy of chemical bonds

33
Q

Vacuoles

A

Store waste products and toxic compounds

Provide structure for plant cells

34
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Support and maintains cell shape
Holds organelles in position
Moves organelles
Interacts with extra cellular structure to hold cell in place

35
Q

Extra cellular matrix

A

Composed of fibrous proteins such as collagen, gel like proteoglycans, and other protein

36
Q

Symbiosis

A

Living together

37
Q

Endosymbiosis theory

A

Proposes that mitochondria and plastids arose when one cell engulfed another cell

Biology1 (2 decks)

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