Vocab Flashcards
dominant
He described the dominating factor as dominant.
genetics
Genetics is the science of heredity.
law of independent assortment
The results of Mendel’s two-trait experiments led to the law of independent assortment. This law states that factors controlling different traits go to gametes independently of each other.
law of segregation
the law of segregation. It explains why both forms of the trait show up again in the F2 plants.
Mendel
Mendel was an Austrian Monk who lived in the 1800s.
pollination
Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.
recessive
recessive to describe the other factor. If both factors are present in an individual,
allele
gene may have different versions. The different versions are called alleles
autosome
Chromosomes are called autosomes. Genes on sex chromosomes may be inherited differently than genes on autosomes.
genotype
The two alleles that an individual inherits make up the individual’s genotype. The two alleles may be the same or different.
heterozygote
A plant with two different alleles (Bb) is called a heterozygote.
homozygote
A plant with two alleles of the same type (BB or bb) is called a homozygote.
phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Punnett square
A Punnett square is a chart that makes it easy to find the possible genotypes in offspring of two parents.
sex chromosome
a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.
sex-linked trait
Traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked traits.
biotechnology
Biotechnology is the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes.
gene therapy
copies of a normal gene might be inserted into a patient with a defective gene. This is called gene therapy.
genetically modified organism
Genes are inserted into plants to give them desirable traits.
genetic disorder
Genetic disorders are diseases caused by mutations.
genome
A species’ genome consists of all of its genetic information. The human genome consists of the complete set of genes in the human organism.
Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project was launched in 1990. It was an international effort to sequence all 3 billion bases in human DNA.
