Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

dominant

A

He described the dominating factor as dominant.

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2
Q

genetics

A

Genetics is the science of heredity.

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3
Q

law of independent assortment

A

The results of Mendel’s two-trait experiments led to the law of independent assortment. This law states that factors controlling different traits go to gametes independently of each other.

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4
Q

law of segregation

A

the law of segregation. It explains why both forms of the trait show up again in the F2 plants.

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5
Q

Mendel

A

Mendel was an Austrian Monk who lived in the 1800s.

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6
Q

pollination

A

Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.

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7
Q

recessive

A

recessive to describe the other factor. If both factors are present in an individual,

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8
Q

allele

A

gene may have different versions. The different versions are called alleles

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9
Q

autosome

A

Chromosomes are called autosomes. Genes on sex chromosomes may be inherited differently than genes on autosomes.

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10
Q

genotype

A

The two alleles that an individual inherits make up the individual’s genotype. The two alleles may be the same or different.

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11
Q

heterozygote

A

A plant with two different alleles (Bb) is called a heterozygote.

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12
Q

homozygote

A

A plant with two alleles of the same type (BB or bb) is called a homozygote.

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13
Q

phenotype

A

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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14
Q

Punnett square

A

A Punnett square is a chart that makes it easy to find the possible genotypes in offspring of two parents.

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15
Q

sex chromosome

A

a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.

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16
Q

sex-linked trait

A

Traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked traits.

17
Q

biotechnology

A

Biotechnology is the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes.

18
Q

gene therapy

A

copies of a normal gene might be inserted into a patient with a defective gene. This is called gene therapy.

19
Q

genetically modified organism

A

Genes are inserted into plants to give them desirable traits.

20
Q

genetic disorder

A

Genetic disorders are diseases caused by mutations.

21
Q

genome

A

A species’ genome consists of all of its genetic information. The human genome consists of the complete set of genes in the human organism.

22
Q

Human Genome Project

A

The Human Genome Project was launched in 1990. It was an international effort to sequence all 3 billion bases in human DNA.