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Motor Learning And Development > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

2 Dimensions of Gentile’s Taxonomy

A

Environmental context and function of the action

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2
Q

Regulatory conditions

A

Environmental features to which movement must conform (messing with athlete)

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3
Q

Non-regulatory conditions

A

Features of the environment with no or indirect effect on movement

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4
Q

Intertrial variability

A

Variations in the regulatory conditions from one trial to the next

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5
Q

Open skill

A

Object, surface and/or other people in motion

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6
Q

Closed skill

A

Stationary supporting surface, object and/or other people

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7
Q

Movement time

A

Initiation of the movement to the end of movement

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8
Q

Reaction time

A

From go signal to beginning of movement

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9
Q

Response time

A

Go signal to end of movement (reaction time + movement time)

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10
Q

Coordination

A

Angle-angle diagrams

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11
Q

Absolute error

A

Absolute value of difference between the actual performance on each trial and the criterion of each trial

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12
Q

Constant error

A

Difference between actual performance on each trial and criterion for each trial

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13
Q

Variable error

A

Standard deviation of the constant error scores

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14
Q

Kinetic measures

A

Displacement, velocity, acceleration

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15
Q

MEG, EEG, fMRI

A

Measure brain activity

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16
Q

General motor ability hypothesis

A

Many motor abilities highly related and can be grouped as a singular global motor ability

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17
Q

Specificity of motor abilities hypothesis

A

All motor abilities are relatively independent, each person varies

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18
Q

Attractor

A

Stable state of the motor control system that represents preferred patterns of coordination (walking)

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19
Q

Primary motor Cortext

A

A

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20
Q

Occipital lobe

A

A

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21
Q

General Motor Program

A

Memory based mechanism (invariant feature vs parameter)

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22
Q

Premotor Area

A

Cerebral Cortext; organization of movements before initiated, rhythmic coordination, control of movement based on observation of another person

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23
Q

Dynamical Systems Theory

A

Control of coordinated movement by emphasizing role of environment info and dynamic properties of the body/limbs

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24
Q

Cerebellum

A

Control of smooth and accurate movement

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25
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Movement initiation

Parkinson’s disease

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26
Q

Cerebrum

A

Right and left hemispheres, cerebral Cortext (4 lobes, fine motor skills)

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27
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station

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28
Q

Motor unit

A

Alpha motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fiber it innervates

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29
Q

Degrees of Freedom

A

Number of independent elements in a system and ways each element can act

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30
Q

Coordination

A

Pattern of body and limb motions relative to the environment

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31
Q

Perception action coupling

A

Linking together of info and movements

32
Q

Affordances

A

Possibilities for action

33
Q

Proproiception

A

Perception of body, limb and head movement characteristics

34
Q

Temporal occlusion procedure

A

Stop video or film at certain times, crystal glasses

35
Q

Central vision

A

Fovea like vision, where we are looking

36
Q

Peripheral vision

A

Detects info beyond central vision

37
Q

Optic flow

A

Moving pattern of light rays that strike the retina

38
Q

Fitt’s law

A

Speed and accuracy trade off; predicts movement time

39
Q

Hick’s Law

A

Reaction time increases logarithmically as number of choices increases

40
Q

Bimanual coordination

A

Motor skills requiring simultaneous use of 2 arms

41
Q

Prehension

A

Reaching and grasping an object

42
Q

Motor equivalence

A

Person who can adapt to various context demands (handwriting)

43
Q

Locomotion

A

Control pattern generators in the spinal cord provide basis for stereotypic rhythmicity of walking and running gait patterns

44
Q

Tau

A

Time to contact (based on increasing size of object coming at you)

45
Q

Cost-benefit trade-off

A

Trade off for biasing anticipated response to the higher probability

46
Q

Stimulus response compatibility

A

Reaction time decreases as spatial compatibility increases between stimulus and response

47
Q

Stroop effect

A

Relation between colors and color names

48
Q

Foreperiod

A

Interval between warning and go signal (RT decreases more constant it is)

49
Q

Psychological refractory period

A

Delay of response to 2nd stimulus after a fake stimulus

50
Q

Vigilance

A

Alertness of the performer in optimal go signal range

51
Q

Attention

A

Consciousness, awareness, and cognitive effort

52
Q

Kahneman’s attention theory (Central resource theory)

A

Proposed flexible attention capacity limits; Optimal levels of arousal for performing certain tasks

53
Q

Multiple resource theories

A

Propose we have multiple resources for attention, each with its independent capacity

54
Q

Dual-task procedure

A

Determines attention demands of the simultaneous performance of 2 tasks; primary and secondary tasks

55
Q

Attentional focus

A

Directing of attention to specific aspects of our performance or performance environment

56
Q

Action effect hypothesis

A

Proposed benefit of external direction of focus

57
Q

Automaticity

A

Performance of a skill with little to no demand of attention

58
Q

Selective attention

A

Detection and selection of performance related info in the performance environment

59
Q

Visual search

A

Directing visual attention to locate relevant info in the environment

60
Q

Working memory

A

Sensory, perceptual, Attentional and short term memory processes

61
Q

Long term memory

A

Serves as more permanent storage bin of info

62
Q

Procedural memory

A

How to do specific activities

63
Q

Episodic memory

A

Stores info about personally experienced events

64
Q

Semantic memory

A

Stores general knowledge about facts

65
Q

Declarative knowledge

A

Can be verbalized; what to do

66
Q

Procedural knowledge

A

How to do a skill

67
Q

Encoding

A

Process of storing to be memory info int a form that can be stored

68
Q

Retrieval

A

Recalling memories

69
Q

Explicit memory tests

A

Recall and recognition tests

70
Q

Implicit memory

A

Assess info in memory that is difficult or impossible to verbalize

71
Q

Forgetting-Proactive interference

A

A previous activity interfering with memory

72
Q

Forgetting- Retroactive interface

A

Possible negative transfer; an after the fact activity interfering with memory

73
Q

Performance

A

Execution of a skill at a specific time in a specific location (directly observable, unlike learning)

74
Q

Learning

A

A change in capacity to perform a skill that must be inferred from permanent improvement (not directly observable)

75
Q

6 general performance characteristics as learning occurs

A 
Improvement
Consistency
Stability
Persistence
Adaptability
Reduced attention demands
76
Q

Methods to asses motor skill learning

A

Retention tests
Transfer tests
Coordination dynamics
Dual task procedure

Motor Learning And Development (1 decks)

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