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Motor Learning And Development > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

2 Dimensions of Gentile’s Taxonomy

A

Environmental context and function of the action

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2
Q

Regulatory conditions

A

Environmental features to which movement must conform (messing with athlete)

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3
Q

Non-regulatory conditions

A

Features of the environment with no or indirect effect on movement

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4
Q

Intertrial variability

A

Variations in the regulatory conditions from one trial to the next

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5
Q

Open skill

A

Object, surface and/or other people in motion

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6
Q

Closed skill

A

Stationary supporting surface, object and/or other people

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7
Q

Movement time

A

Initiation of the movement to the end of movement

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8
Q

Reaction time

A

From go signal to beginning of movement

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9
Q

Response time

A

Go signal to end of movement (reaction time + movement time)

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10
Q

Coordination

A

Angle-angle diagrams

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11
Q

Absolute error

A

Absolute value of difference between the actual performance on each trial and the criterion of each trial

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12
Q

Constant error

A

Difference between actual performance on each trial and criterion for each trial

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13
Q

Variable error

A

Standard deviation of the constant error scores

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14
Q

Kinetic measures

A

Displacement, velocity, acceleration

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15
Q

MEG, EEG, fMRI

A

Measure brain activity

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16
Q

General motor ability hypothesis

A

Many motor abilities highly related and can be grouped as a singular global motor ability

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17
Q

Specificity of motor abilities hypothesis

A

All motor abilities are relatively independent, each person varies

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18
Q

Attractor

A

Stable state of the motor control system that represents preferred patterns of coordination (walking)

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19
Q

Primary motor Cortext

A

A

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20
Q

Occipital lobe

A

A

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21
Q

General Motor Program

A

Memory based mechanism (invariant feature vs parameter)

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22
Q

Premotor Area

A

Cerebral Cortext; organization of movements before initiated, rhythmic coordination, control of movement based on observation of another person

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23
Q

Dynamical Systems Theory

A

Control of coordinated movement by emphasizing role of environment info and dynamic properties of the body/limbs

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24
Q

Cerebellum

A

Control of smooth and accurate movement

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25
Basal ganglia
Movement initiation | Parkinson's disease
26
Cerebrum
Right and left hemispheres, cerebral Cortext (4 lobes, fine motor skills)
27
Thalamus
Relay station
28
Motor unit
Alpha motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fiber it innervates
29
Degrees of Freedom
Number of independent elements in a system and ways each element can act
30
Coordination
Pattern of body and limb motions relative to the environment
31
Perception action coupling
Linking together of info and movements
32
Affordances
Possibilities for action
33
Proproiception
Perception of body, limb and head movement characteristics
34
Temporal occlusion procedure
Stop video or film at certain times, crystal glasses
35
Central vision
Fovea like vision, where we are looking
36
Peripheral vision
Detects info beyond central vision
37
Optic flow
Moving pattern of light rays that strike the retina
38
Fitt's law
Speed and accuracy trade off; predicts movement time
39
Hick's Law
Reaction time increases logarithmically as number of choices increases
40
Bimanual coordination
Motor skills requiring simultaneous use of 2 arms
41
Prehension
Reaching and grasping an object
42
Motor equivalence
Person who can adapt to various context demands (handwriting)
43
Locomotion
Control pattern generators in the spinal cord provide basis for stereotypic rhythmicity of walking and running gait patterns
44
Tau
Time to contact (based on increasing size of object coming at you)
45
Cost-benefit trade-off
Trade off for biasing anticipated response to the higher probability
46
Stimulus response compatibility
Reaction time decreases as spatial compatibility increases between stimulus and response
47
Stroop effect
Relation between colors and color names
48
Foreperiod
Interval between warning and go signal (RT decreases more constant it is)
49
Psychological refractory period
Delay of response to 2nd stimulus after a fake stimulus
50
Vigilance
Alertness of the performer in optimal go signal range
51
Attention
Consciousness, awareness, and cognitive effort
52
Kahneman's attention theory (Central resource theory)
Proposed flexible attention capacity limits; Optimal levels of arousal for performing certain tasks
53
Multiple resource theories
Propose we have multiple resources for attention, each with its independent capacity
54
Dual-task procedure
Determines attention demands of the simultaneous performance of 2 tasks; primary and secondary tasks
55
Attentional focus
Directing of attention to specific aspects of our performance or performance environment
56
Action effect hypothesis
Proposed benefit of external direction of focus
57
Automaticity
Performance of a skill with little to no demand of attention
58
Selective attention
Detection and selection of performance related info in the performance environment
59
Visual search
Directing visual attention to locate relevant info in the environment
60
Working memory
Sensory, perceptual, Attentional and short term memory processes
61
Long term memory
Serves as more permanent storage bin of info
62
Procedural memory
How to do specific activities
63
Episodic memory
Stores info about personally experienced events
64
Semantic memory
Stores general knowledge about facts
65
Declarative knowledge
Can be verbalized; what to do
66
Procedural knowledge
How to do a skill
67
Encoding
Process of storing to be memory info int a form that can be stored
68
Retrieval
Recalling memories
69
Explicit memory tests
Recall and recognition tests
70
Implicit memory
Assess info in memory that is difficult or impossible to verbalize
71
Forgetting-Proactive interference
A previous activity interfering with memory
72
Forgetting- Retroactive interface
Possible negative transfer; an after the fact activity interfering with memory
73
Performance
Execution of a skill at a specific time in a specific location (directly observable, unlike learning)
74
Learning
A change in capacity to perform a skill that must be inferred from permanent improvement (not directly observable)
75
6 general performance characteristics as learning occurs
``` Improvement Consistency Stability Persistence Adaptability Reduced attention demands ```
76
Methods to asses motor skill learning
Retention tests Transfer tests Coordination dynamics Dual task procedure

Motor Learning And Development (1 decks)

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