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Classical Art > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Acropolis

A

“High city,” usually the site of the city’s most important temple

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2
Q

Agora

A

An open square or space used for public meetings or business in Ancient Greek cities

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3
Q

Abacus

A

The uppermost portion of the capital of a column, usually a thin slab

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4
Q

Amphiprostyle

A

The style of Greek building in which the colonnade was placed across both the front and back, but not along the sides

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5
Q

Amphitheater

A

A double theater, continuous elliptical cavea around an arena

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6
Q

Amphora

A

A two handled jar used for general storage purposes, usually to hold wine or oil

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7
Q

Antae

A

The molded projecting ends of the walls forming the pronaos or opisthodomos of an Ancient Greek temple

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8
Q

Arcade

A

A series of arches supported by piers or columns

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9
Q

Architrave

A

The lintel or lowest division of the entablature, also known as the epistyle

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10
Q

Arrises

A

In Doric columns, the raised edges of the fluting

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11
Q

Ashlar Masonry

A

Carefully cut and regularly shaped blocks of stone used in construction, fitted together without mortar

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12
Q

Atlantid

A

A male figure that functions as a supporting column (male version of a caryatid)

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13
Q

Atrium

A

The court of a Roman house that is partially open to the sky

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14
Q

Base

A

In Ancient Greek architecture, the lowest part of Ionic and Corinthian columns

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15
Q

Bilingual Vase

A

Experimental Greek vases produced for a short time in the late sixth century B.C., one side featured decoration in red-figure technique, the other black-figure technique

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16
Q

Black-figure Technique

A

In early Greek pottery, the silhouetting of dark figures against a light background of natural, reddish clay, with linear details incised through the silhouettes

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17
Q

Canon

A

Rule (e.g. of proportion)

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18
Q

Capital

A

The uppermost member of a column, serving as a transition from the shaft to the lintel (changes with order)

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19
Q

Caryatid

A

A female figure that functions as a supporting column (female version of an Atlantid)

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20
Q

Cavea

A

The seating area in Ancient Greek and Roman theaters and amphitheaters

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21
Q

Cella

A

The chamber at the center of an ancient temple; in a classical temple, the room in which the cult statue usually stood

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22
Q

Chryselephantine

A

Fashioned of gold and ivory

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23
Q

Cista

A

An Etruscan cylindrical container made of sheet bronze with cast handles and feet, often with elaborately engraved bodies, used for women’s toilet articles

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24
Q

Clerestory

A

The fenestrated part of a building that rises above the roofs of the other parts, letting in light

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25
Q

Coffer

A

A sunken panel, often ornamental, in a soffit, a vault, or a ceiling (see the Pantheon)

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26
Q

Colonnades

A

A series or row of columns

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27
Q

Composite Capital

A

A capital with an ornate combination of Ionic volutes and Corinthian acanthus leaves

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28
Q

Composite View

A

(aka twisted perspective) a convention in which part of a figure is seen in profile and another part of the same figure frontally

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29
Q

Contrapposto

A

A depiction of the human form with a weight shift thrown on one foot, creating tension on one side and relaxation on the other

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30
Q

Corbeled Arch

A

A projecting wall member used as a support for some element, where each course projects beyond the one beneath it, coming together at the topmost course

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31
Q

Corbeled Vault

A

A vault formed by the piling of stone blocks in horizontal courses, coming inward until the walls meet at a point. No mortar is used, and small rocks are used as wedges

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32
Q

Corinthian Capital

A

A capital with a double row of acanthus leaves wrapped around it

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33
Q

Cornice

A

The projecting, crowning member of the entablature framing the pediment

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34
Q

Cubiculim

A

A Roman bedroom

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35
Q

Cycladic Art

A

The pre-Greek Art of the Cycladic islands.

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36
Q

Cyclopean Masonry

A

A method of stone construction using large, irregular blocks without mortar (see Tiryns and Mycenae).

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37
Q

Daedalic

A

Refers to a Greek Orientalizing style of the seventh century B.C. named after the legendary Daedalus. Characteristic of the style is the triangular flat-topped head framed by long strands of hair that form complementary triangles to that of the face.

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38
Q

Dipteral

A

The term used to describe the architectural feature of double colonnades around a Greek temple

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39
Q

Doric

A

The Doric order is characterized by funnel-shaped capitals, columns without bases, and a frieze of triglyphs and metopes

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40
Q

Encaustic

A

A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with wax and applied to the surface while hot

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41
Q

Engaged column

A

A half-round column attached to a wall

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42
Q

Entablature

A

The part of a building above the columns and below the roof

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43
Q

Fasciae

A

In the Classical Greek Ionic order, the tree horizontal bands that make up the architrave

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44
Q

Fauces

A

The narrow foyer leading to the atrium

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45
Q

Fibula

A

A decorative pin, used to fasten garments

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46
Q

Fillets

A

The flat ridges of Ionic fluting

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47
Q

First Style

A

(aka masonry style) The earliest style of Roman mural painting, used to imitate costly marble panels with stucco

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48
Q

Flutes

A

Vertical channeling, roughly semicircular in cross-section and used principally on columns and pilasters

49
Q

Foreshortening

A

The use of perspective to represent the depth of a piece if viewed from the front

50
Q

Fourth Style

A

In Roman mural painting, it emphasizes architecture but is garish

51
Q

Fresco

A

Dry (fresco secco) or wet (true or buon fresco) painted on lime plaster

52
Q

Fret/Meander

A

An ornament consisting of interlocking geometric motifs

53
Q

Frieze

A

The part of the entablature between the architrave and the cornice

54
Q

Granulation

A

A decorative technique in which tiny metal balls are fused to a metal surface

55
Q

Groin Vault

A

Formed by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults of equal size

56
Q

Herm

A

A bust on a quadrangular pillar

57
Q

Hierarchy of Scale

A

An artistic convention in which greater size indicates greater importance

58
Q

Hydria

A

An Ancient Greek three-handled water pitcher

59
Q

Hypaethral

A

A building having no pediment or roof, open to the sky

60
Q

Imagines

A

In Ancient Rome, wax portraits of ancestors

61
Q

Impluvium

A

In a Roman house, the basin located in the atrium that collected rainwater

62
Q

Ionic

A

The Ionic order is characterized by volutes, capitals, columns with bases, and an uninterrupted frieze

63
Q

Keystone

A

The central, uppermost voussoir in an arch

64
Q

Kore

A

Greek for “young woman”

65
Q

Kouros

A

Greek for “young man”

66
Q

Krater

A

An Ancient Greek wide-mouthed bowl for mixing wine and water

67
Q

Kylix

A

An Ancient Greek shallow drinking cup with two handles and a stem

68
Q

Lekythos

A

A flask containing perfumed oil often placed in Greek graves

69
Q

Lost-wax process

A

A bronze casting method in which a figure is modeled in wax and covered with clay; the whole is fired, melting away the wax and hardening the clay, which then becomes a mold for molten metal.

70
Q

Megaron

A

The large reception hall of the king in a Mycenaean palace

71
Q

Metope

A

The panel between the triglyphs in a Doric frieze, often sculptured in relief

72
Q

Moscophoros

A

Greek word for “calf bearer”

73
Q

Niello

A

A black metallic alloy used to fill incised designs in decorating metal objects

74
Q

Oculus

A

The round central opening or “eye” of a dome

75
Q

Opisthodomos

A

In Greek architecture, a porch at the rear set against the blank back wall of the cella

76
Q

Opus Reticulatum

A

A method of facing concrete walls with diamond shaped bricks or stones to achieve a netlike ornamental surface pattern

77
Q

Orientalizing

A

The early phase of Archaic Greek art, so named because of the adoption of forms and motifs from the ancient Near East and Egypt

78
Q

Palestra

A

An Ancient Greek and Roman exercise area, usually framed by a colonnade, often found in bathing establishments

79
Q

Pebble Mosaic

A

A mosaic made of irregularly shaped stones of various colors

80
Q

Pediment

A

In classical architecture, the triangular space at the end of a building, formed by the ends of the sloping roof above the colonnade

81
Q

Peplos

A

A simple long woolen belted garment worn by Ancient Greek women (used on kores)

82
Q

Peristyle

A

(Peripteral colonnade) a colonnade around the cella and its porch

83
Q

Pilaster

A

A flat column connected to a wall

84
Q

Portico

A

A porch with a roof supported by columns

85
Q

Pronaos

A

The space, or porch, in front of the cella or naos of an Ancient Greek temple

86
Q

Propylaion

A

A gateway building leading to an open court preceding an Ancient Greek or Roman temple

87
Q

Prostyle

A

A style of Ancient Greek temple in which the columns stand in front of the naos and extends its full width

88
Q

Pseudoperipteral

A

In Roman architecture, it is a series of engaged columns all around the sides and back of the cella to make it appear like a peripteral colonnade

89
Q

Red-figure Technique

A

In later Greek pottery, the silhouetting of red figures against a black background, with painted linear details, reverse of black-figure

90
Q

Register

A

A band in a pictorial narrative

91
Q

Repoussé

A

Formed in relief by beating a metal plate from the back, leaving an impression on the face

92
Q

Rhyton

A

An ancient ceremonial drinking vessel, sometimes in the form of the head of an animal, a person, or a mythological creature

93
Q

Rotulus

A

A long manuscript scroll

94
Q

Sarcophagus

A

A coffin, usually of stone

95
Q

Second Style

A

In Roman mural painting, from ca. 80 to ca. 15 B.C. the aim was to dissolve the confining walls of a room and replace them wth the illusion of a 3D world

96
Q

Severe Style

A

The earliest phase of Classical Greek sculpture

97
Q

Shaft

A

The part of a column between the capital and base

98
Q

Skenographia

A

The Greek term for perspective with a single vanishing point

99
Q

Skiagraphia

A

The Greek term for shading invented by Apollodorus

100
Q

Socle

A

A molded projection at the bottom of a wall or a pier, or beneath a pedestal or a column base

101
Q

Stele

A

A carved stone slab used to mark graves and commemorate historical events

102
Q

Stoa

A

An open building with a roof supported by a row of columns

103
Q

Stylobate

A

The uppermost course of the platform of a classical temple

104
Q

Superimposed orders

A

Orders of columns placed on top of each other, usually Doric, Ionic, then Corinthian (starting on bottom floor)

105
Q

Tesserae

A

Tiny stones or pieces of glass cut for mosaics

106
Q

Theatron

A

In Ancient Greek theaters, the slope overlooking the orchestra on which the spectators sat.

107
Q

Third Style

A

In Roman mural painting,the style in which delicate linear fantasies were sketched predominantly monochromatic backgrounds

108
Q

Tholos

A

A circular structure, generally in classical style, also in Aegean architecture as a circular bee-hive-shaped tomb

109
Q

Treasuries

A

In Ancient Greece, small buildings set up for the safe storage of votive offerings

110
Q

Triclinium

A

The dining room of a Roman house

111
Q

Triglyph

A

A projecting, grooved member of a Doric frieze that alternates with metopes

112
Q

Triumphal Arch

A

In Roman architecture, freestanding arches commemorating important events such as military victories

113
Q

Tumulus

A

Burial mounds in Etruscan architecture

114
Q

Tuscan Column

A

Aka Etruscan column, resembles an Ancient Greek Doric column but made of wood, unfluted, and with based

115
Q

Velarium

A

In a Roman amphitheater, the cloth awning that could be rolled down from the top of the cavea

116
Q

Volute

A

A spiral, scroll-like form characteristic of the Ancient Greek ionic and the Roman composite capital

117
Q

Votive Offering

A

A gift of gratitude to a deity

118
Q

Voussoir

A

A wedge-shaped block used in the construction of a true arch

119
Q

White-ground Technique

A

An Ancient Greek vase painting technique in which the pot was first covered with a slip of very fine white clay, over which a black glaze was used to outline figures, and diluted brown, purple, red, and white were used to color them

Classical Art (5 decks)

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