Vocab Flashcards
Ethos
Speaker.
Perceivedcredibility/reputationofthespeaker.Level ofrespectandhonorgiventothespeakerbytheaudience. Also:credibility,authority,correctness,eloquence,appearance
Logos
Words.
Anappealtologic.Ademonstrationofproof.
Also:information,argument,reasons,evidence,data,structure
Rhetoric
Art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing; ability to use language effectively
Pathos
Audience.
Appealstotheaudience’semotions.
Also:beliefs,values,knowledge,experience
Seminal
Highly influential/original and/or important work that stands the test of time
Deductive argument
Argument that is intended by arguer/writer to be valid by providing a guarantee that the conclusion to the argument’s premises are true
Inductive Argument
Argument that is intended by arguer/writer only to establish/increase the probability of its conclusion; premises are intended to be so strong that, if true, then it would be unlikely that the conclusion is false
Fallacious Reasoning
Mistake in belief based on an unsound argument; statement(s) based on false/invalid inference
False Statement
Statement that is untrue but not necessarily told to mislead; statement can be given to someone who doesn’t know it’s untrue
Valid
Having a sound basis in logic or fact; a reasonable or convincing point in an argument
Valid Reasoning
When an argument’s premises provides such a strong support for the conclusion, if premises are true, then it’s impossible for conclusion to be false, which creates a valid argument
Refute
Prove to be wrong/false
Sound Reasoning
If valid argument has true conclusions, then argument is sound
Exaggerated Evidence
Misleading notion committed when an argument tries to include additional influences which exaggerate the causes/effects and are irrelevant to the matter at hand
Distorted Evidence
Misrepresentation of actual/implied content of factual/opinion evidence
