vocab

Question 1

Icon

Answer 1

Small portable paintings depicting christ, the virgin, or saints, or a combination of all three. From 6th Century on became enormously popular in Byzantine worship.

Question 2

Pantocrator

Answer 2

A word for a specific depiction of christ. Usually applies to his role as the last judge of human kind. Literally means ruler of all in greek.

Question 3

Islam

Answer 3

monotheistic and Abrahamic religion based upon the Qur’an, a religious text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God (Allāh), and, for the vast majority of adherents, by the teachings and normative example of Muhammad considered by most of them to be the last prophet of God.

Question 4

muslim

Answer 4

follower of Islam

Question 5

muhammad

Answer 5

Prophet who recieved revelations from god. The starter of Islamic Religion

Question 6

Qur’an

Answer 6

The text of the Islamic Religion

Question 7

Mecca

Answer 7

As the birthplace of Muhammad and the site of Muhammad’s first revelation of the Quran. Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam. Its located in Saudi Arabia

Question 8

mosque

Answer 8

a muslim place of worship

Question 9

minaret

Answer 9

a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.

Question 10

mihrab

Answer 10

is a semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the direction that Muslims should face when praying.

Question 11

arabesque

Answer 11

an ornamental design consisting of intertwined flowing lines, originally found in Islamic decoration.

Question 12

calligraphy

Answer 12

decorative handwriting or handwritten lettering.

Question 13

atrium

Answer 13

the open , colonnaded court in the front of and attached to a christian basilicia

Question 14

narthex

Answer 14

a porch or vestibule of a church, generally colanaded or arcaded and preceding the nave

Question 15

nave

Answer 15

the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation

Question 16

Transept

Answer 16

is an area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform (“cross-shaped”) building in Romanesque and Gothic Christian church architecture.

Question 17

apse

Answer 17

A recess, usually semicircle, in the wall of a building, commonly found at the east end of churches. Where the altar is.

Question 18

basilica

Answer 18

a church with a rectanglar plan usually entered from one end with an apse at the other end

Question 19

central plan

Answer 19

any structure designed with a primary central space surrounded by symmetrical areas on each side

Question 20

dome

Answer 20

a hemispherical vault, an arch rotated on its vertical axis

Question 21

pendentive

Answer 21

a concave, triangular section of a hemisphere, four of which provide the transition from a square are to the circular base of a covered dome.

Question 22

Dark ages

Answer 22

A term sometimes applied to the early Middle Ages, the first few centuries after the Fall of Rome. The term suggests prevailing ignorance and barbarism, but there were forces for culture and enlightenment throughout the period.

Question 23

Middle ages

Answer 23

period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (5th century) to the fall of Constantinople (1453), or, more narrowly, from circa 1100 to 1453.

Question 24

Tympanum

Answer 24

a space enclose by a lintel and an arch over a doorway

Question 25

Trumeau

Answer 25

the pillar or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of the doorwat

Question 26

bernard of clairvaux

Answer 26

Most influenctial theologian of the romanesque era. A cistercian monk and abbot of the monastery he founded at clairvaux. Very political influential. Started crusade against muslims

Question 27

Abbot Suger

Answer 27

right hand man of Louis VI and Louis VII. Rebuilt Saint-Denis in order to increase pristige

Question 28

clerestory

Answer 28

is a high section of wall that contains windows above eye level. The purpose is to admit light, fresh air, or both.

Question 29

triforium

Answer 29

a gallery or arcade above the arches of the nave, choir, and transepts of a church.

Question 30

flying buttress

Answer 30

Common to Gothic Architecture. The defining characteristic of a flying buttress is that the buttress is not in contact with the wall like a traditional buttress; lateral forces are transmitted across an intervening space between the wall and the buttress. Common to Gothic Architecture

Question 31

ribbed vault

Answer 31

The intersection of two or three barrel vaults produces a rib vault often carved in decorative patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault construction

Question 32

rose window

Answer 32

a circular stained glass window