vocab Flashcards
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Small portable paintings depicting christ, the virgin, or saints, or a combination of all three. From 6th Century on became enormously popular in Byzantine worship.
Pantocrator
A word for a specific depiction of christ. Usually applies to his role as the last judge of human kind. Literally means ruler of all in greek.
Islam
monotheistic and Abrahamic religion based upon the Qur’an, a religious text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God (Allāh), and, for the vast majority of adherents, by the teachings and normative example of Muhammad considered by most of them to be the last prophet of God.
muslim
follower of Islam
muhammad
Prophet who recieved revelations from god. The starter of Islamic Religion
Qur’an
The text of the Islamic Religion
Mecca
As the birthplace of Muhammad and the site of Muhammad’s first revelation of the Quran. Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam. Its located in Saudi Arabia
mosque
a muslim place of worship
minaret
a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.
mihrab
is a semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the direction that Muslims should face when praying.
arabesque
an ornamental design consisting of intertwined flowing lines, originally found in Islamic decoration.
calligraphy
decorative handwriting or handwritten lettering.
atrium
the open , colonnaded court in the front of and attached to a christian basilicia
narthex
a porch or vestibule of a church, generally colanaded or arcaded and preceding the nave
nave
the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation
Transept
is an area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform (“cross-shaped”) building in Romanesque and Gothic Christian church architecture.
apse
A recess, usually semicircle, in the wall of a building, commonly found at the east end of churches. Where the altar is.
basilica
a church with a rectanglar plan usually entered from one end with an apse at the other end
central plan
any structure designed with a primary central space surrounded by symmetrical areas on each side
dome
a hemispherical vault, an arch rotated on its vertical axis
pendentive
a concave, triangular section of a hemisphere, four of which provide the transition from a square are to the circular base of a covered dome.
Dark ages
A term sometimes applied to the early Middle Ages, the first few centuries after the Fall of Rome. The term suggests prevailing ignorance and barbarism, but there were forces for culture and enlightenment throughout the period.
Middle ages
period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (5th century) to the fall of Constantinople (1453), or, more narrowly, from circa 1100 to 1453.
Tympanum
a space enclose by a lintel and an arch over a doorway
Trumeau
the pillar or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of the doorwat
bernard of clairvaux
Most influenctial theologian of the romanesque era. A cistercian monk and abbot of the monastery he founded at clairvaux. Very political influential. Started crusade against muslims
Abbot Suger
right hand man of Louis VI and Louis VII. Rebuilt Saint-Denis in order to increase pristige
clerestory
is a high section of wall that contains windows above eye level. The purpose is to admit light, fresh air, or both.
triforium
a gallery or arcade above the arches of the nave, choir, and transepts of a church.
flying buttress
Common to Gothic Architecture. The defining characteristic of a flying buttress is that the buttress is not in contact with the wall like a traditional buttress; lateral forces are transmitted across an intervening space between the wall and the buttress. Common to Gothic Architecture
ribbed vault
The intersection of two or three barrel vaults produces a rib vault often carved in decorative patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault construction
rose window
a circular stained glass window
