Vocab

Question 1

Emotive meaning

Answer 1

The positive or negative overtones of a word or expression

Question 2

Cognitive meaning

Answer 2

Terminology that conveys information

Question 3

Identification advertisements

Answer 3

Sell a product by getting the user to identify with the product

Question 4

Promise advertisements

Answer 4

Promise to satisfy a need or fear of a customer

Question 5

Loyalty

Answer 5

Faithfulness to a cause, ideal, custom, institution, or product

Question 6

Herd instinct

Answer 6

Tendency to keep our beliefs in line with society

Question 7

Culture lag

Answer 7

A period of maladjustment when the non material culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions

Question 8

Provincialism

Answer 8

Seeing things exclusively through the eyes of ones group, organization, or affiliation

Question 9

Prejudice

Answer 9

A rigid attitude that is based in group membership and predisposes an individual to feel, act or think in a negative way toward another person or group

Question 10

Stereotypes

Answer 10

Attributions that cover up individual differences and ascribe certain characteristics to an entire group of people

Question 11

Partisan mindset

Answer 11

The tendency to perceive evidence and to judge arguments via an “us against them” or a “my right view against your wrong view”

Question 12

Superstition

Answer 12

Are supported by small amounts of evidence. We believe them with little evidence and bias.

Question 13

Wishful thinking

Answer 13

Believing what one wants to be true. Regardless of evidence.

Question 14

Self- deception

Answer 14

Believing what at a deeper level what we know to be dubious

Question 15

Rationalization

Answer 15

Attempting to make excuses

Question 16

Suppression

Answer 16

A conscious effort to put something out of mind

Question 17

Pseudoscientific theories

Answer 17

Theories without scientific explanation

Question 18

Ad hominem

Answer 18

An argument based in the failings if an adversary rather than the merits of the case

Question 19

Two wrongs make a right

Answer 19

Arguer attempts to justify a wrongful act by claiming that some other act is just as bad or worse

Question 20

Slanting

Answer 20

A form of misrepresentation in which a true statement is made to suggest something else

Question 21

Traditional wisdom

Answer 21

Something is better simply because it is tradition and has always been done

Question 22

Common practice

Answer 22

A wrong is justified on the grounds not that one other person or group, but rather lots of or most or even all others do the same sort of thing

Question 23

Irrelevant reason

Answer 23

Premises are wholly irrelevant to drawing the conclusion

Question 24

Equivocation

Answer 24

A key word or phrase in an argument is used with more than one meaning

Question 25

Appeal to ignorance

Answer 25

Uses an opponents inability to disprove s conclusion as proof of the conclusions correctness

Question 26

Composition

Answer 26

Because. The parts of a whole have a certain property, it is argued that the whole has that property

Question 27

Division

Answer 27

When we assume that all or some of the parts of an item have a particular property because the item as a whole has it

Question 28

Slippery slope argument

Answer 28

An action is objected to on the grounds that once it is taken. Another and then another are bound to be taken down

Question 29

Slippery slope fallacy

Answer 29

In which a course of action is objected to on the grounds that once taken, it will lead to additional actions.

Question 30

Appeal to authority

Answer 30

Speaks to the people instead of the evidence

Question 31

Inconsistency

Answer 31

State of being self-contradictatory

Question 32

Straw man

Answer 32

Easily refutable position

Question 33

False dilemma

Answer 33

Dilemma that can be shown to be false

Question 34

Either or

Answer 34

Offering two alternatives when more exsist

Question 35

Begging the question

Answer 35

Believability of the evidence depends on the believability if the claim

Question 36

Evading the issue

Answer 36

Avoid answering the question

Question 37

Questionable premise

Answer 37

Accepting a less believable premise or other statement

Question 38

Suppressed evidence

Answer 38

Arguer ignores important evidence that requires a different conclusion

Question 39

Tokenism

Answer 39

Making a token gesture for the real thing