Vocab Flashcards
Nuclear Family
Direct family (i.e. Mom, dad, siblings)
Extended family
All other family besides nuclear family
Patriarchal
Male dominated
Matriarchal
Female dominated
Egalitarian/equalitarian
I relating to the thought of everyone is equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities
Humanities
The human race; human beings collectively
Social stratification
The hierarchical or vertical division of society according to rank, caste, or class
Autocracy
One person rules (ie. Dictatorships & monarchies)
Absolute monarchy
Monarchy that gives the king complete and utter control - what he says goes
Dictatorship
A form of autocracy - leadership was forced, usually by military power
Oligarchy
Government run by a select few
Aristocracy
Type of oligarchy
Democracy
Everyone has power (the Greek came the closet to total democracy)
Republic
Government run by representatives usually with a constitution
Constitutionalism
A government running off of a constitution
Unitary state
Centralized government - the federal government has all the power
Federal system
Equal distribution of power between the states and federal government
Confederation
DeCentralized - Power in the local government
Sovereignty
Supreme power or authority
Bureaucracy
System of government where important decisions are made by state officials and nonelected ones
Anarchy
No government
Authoritarian/totalitarian
Dictatorship, centralized, and requires the complete submission of the state
City-state
Uniform or homogeneous population and small territory (some ethnicity)
Kingdom
Political rulers over many city-states, uniform population
Empire
Nonunifrm population (diversity), more territory
Technology
A devise created by man to make life easier
Metallurgy
The branch of science that focuses on the properties of metals and their production/purification
Push-Pull factors
Push- why people leave a place
Pull- why people come/stay
Emigration
People leaving somewhere
Immigration
People coming somewhere
Demography
The study of stats such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease which illustrate he changing structure of human populations
Epidemic/pandemic
A giant spread of an infectious disease
Rural
Country/farmland/outside of the suburbs/cities
Urban
Cities
Culture
Values and institutions, our “way of life” vs. material culture (physical culture)
Cutler relativism
Judging a culture based on their own standards
Ethnocentrism
Judging a culture based on our own standards
Theocracy
A form of government in which priests rule in the name of God/gods
Secular state
Non religious government - “separation of church and state”
Diffusion
Mixing of things from different cultures (ie. Food, clothes, religion, etc.)
Fusion
Combining of cultures into one big culture
Syncretism
Combining 2 systems of belief
Assimilation
When you adopt the dominant culture of an area
Animism
Belief that spirits inhabit things in nature (rocks, trees, storms, etc.)
Monotheism
Belief in one god (ie. Christianity, Judaism, Islam)
Ethicalism
Code of conduct; religion minus the supernatural and afterlife (ex. Confucianism
Polytheism
Belief in many gods (ex. Greek mythology, Hinduism, Norse mythology)
Foraging society
When people rely on picking berries and finding food among the natural world
Agricultural society
When people rely on farming and planting plants to live
Pastoral society
When people rely on raising cattle (and other livestock) to live.
Industrial society
A society relying on the industry/factories to live
Post-industrial society
When most people of a society rely on services to go on with life
Economic systems
System of producing and exchanging goods and services as well as allocation of resources in a society
Labor systems
Distribution of necessary economic tasks
