vocab 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

The view that judges should decide cases strictly on the basis of the language of laws and the Constitution.

A

judicial restraint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The view that judges should apply the principles and provisions of the Constitution to modern circumstances.

A

judicial activism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Federal courts authorized by Article III of the Constitution that keep judges in office for life during good behavior.

A

constitutional courts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Federal courts authorized by Article III of the Constitution that keep judges in office for life during good behavior.

A

district courts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Federal courts that hear appeals from district courts. They review each case for possible errors.

A

court of appeals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The highest court in the United States, made up of nine justices.

A

supreme court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Courts created by Congress for specialized purposes, such as the U.S. Tax Court.

A

legislative courts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A consideration of the political ideology of a nominated judge.

A

litmus test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

A

judicial review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review.

A

writ of certiorari

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Landmark Supreme Court case that established the court’s power of judicial review.

A

marbury v. madison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The party that initiates a lawsuit.

A

plaintiff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A legal rule stating who is authorized to start a lawsuit.

A

standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The principle set by the court in one case that will be used as the basis for deciding future cases.

A

precedent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A case brought by an individual that will impact that person and all others similarly situated.

A

class-action suit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The authority of a court to hear a case first.

A

original jurisdiction

17
Q

The authority of a court to hear a case brought to them on appeal from a lower court.

A

appellate jurisdiction

18
Q

A written statement by an attorney that summarizes a case and the laws and rulings that support it.

A

brief

19
Q

A brief submitted by a ‘friend of the court’ to provide the court with additional information on a case.

A

amicus curiae brief

20
Q

The judicial opinion agreed upon by more than half of the members of the court that explains the reasoning of the court’s decision.

A

opinion of the court

21
Q

A signed opinion in which one or more members agree with the majority view, but for different reasons.

A

concurring opinion

22
Q

A signed opinion that features the perspective of those justices who disagreed with the majority opinion.

A

dissenting opinion

23
Q

‘Let the decision stand’ or allowing prior rulings to determine the court’s stand on a current case.

A

stare decisis

24
Q

Unwritten custom that the Senate will not approve a judicial nomination if opposed by a senator from the state in which the nominee is to serve.

A

senatorial courtesy

25
Q

In order for a case to be granted certiorari, four justices must agree that the case is worthy to be heard.

A

rule of four

26
Q

A new addition to the Constitution that has been proposed by Congress and ratified by the states.

A

amendment