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Biology EOC > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Proteins

A

Large biological molecules or macromolecules consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues

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2
Q

Starches

A

A carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds

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3
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

A measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another

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4
Q

Organelle

A

Any number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell

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5
Q

Amino Acids

A

A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amino (-NH2) group

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6
Q

Synthesized

A

To produce substance by combining chemical precursors

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7
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

Respiration without oxygen

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8
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

Plant tissue that transports nutrients and water throughout the plant (as veins and arteries are to animals)

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9
Q

Codons

A

A sequence of 3 DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

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10
Q

Heterozygous

A

A cell containing 2 different alleles of a gene

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11
Q

Homozygous

A

A cell containing 2 identical alleles of a gene

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12
Q

Restriction Enzyme

A

Enzymes that cut a DNA molecule at a particular place

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13
Q

Gel Electrophoresis

A

A method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size in charge

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14
Q

Genetic Engineering

A

The process of manually adding new DNA to an organism

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15
Q

Phenotypes

A

The physical outcome of gene combinations

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16
Q

Ultraviolet Radiation

A

Radiation in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where wavelengths are just shorter than those of ordinary, visible violet light but longer than those of x-rays

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17
Q

Independent Assortment

A

When two or more characteristics are inherited, individual heredity factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits of equal opportunity of occurring together

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18
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

Motive reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism and inherit the genes of that parent only

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19
Q

Regeneration

A

The natural renewal of a structure, as of a lost tissue or part

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20
Q

Recessive Alleles

A

A trait expressed only when the determining allele is present in the homozygous condition

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21
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

A birth defect that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body

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22
Q

Mutual Symbiosis

A

Both individuals benefit from the relationship

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23
Q

Parasitism

A

A form of symbiosis in which one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of another organism (host)

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24
Q

Gymnosperm

A

A group of vascular plants from seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit)

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25
Q

Xylem

A

The vascular tissue in plastic and asked water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root; helps form the woody element in the stem

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26
Q

Imprinting

A

Process where a young animal follows the characteristics of his/her mother after hatching

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27
Q

Sugar

A

Any monosaccharide or disaccharide, used especially by organisms to store energy

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28
Q

Phosphate Group

A

A functional group/radical comprised of phosphorus attached 4 oxygen, and with a net negative charge, represented as PO-4

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29
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

Nah she

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30
Q

Equilibrium

A

Have you

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31
Q

Enzyme

A

Haneb

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32
Q

Glucose

A

Avabis

33
Q

Homeostasis

A

Nah what

34
Q

Metabolism

A

Skagwm

35
Q

Dominant Allele

A

Jsksbsk

36
Q

Inbreeding

A

Manage

37
Q

Natural Selection

A

The gradual process by which heritable biological traits become more or less common in a population

38
Q

Polygenic Inheritance

A

Occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes

39
Q

Diploid cell

A

A cell or organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes. And a diploid state the haploid number is doubled

40
Q

Gametes

A

A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex and sexual reproduction to form a zygote

41
Q

Karyotyping

A

The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species

42
Q

Spongy Mesophyll

A

A layer of cells in the interior of leaves, consisting of loosely arranged, irregularly shaped cells that have chloroplasts

43
Q

Stoma

A

Any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant

44
Q

Exponentially

A

Development at an increasingly rapid rate in proportion to the growing total number or sise

45
Q

Aggressive Behavior

A

Behavior that causes physical or emotional and harm to others or threatens to

46
Q

Courtship Behavior

A

Behavior and animals that occurs before and during mating, often including a elaborate displays

47
Q

Social Behavior

A

Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species

48
Q

Territorial Behavior

A

The methods by which an animal or group of animals protect its territory from incursions by others of its species

49
Q

Symbiotic Relationship

A

Both organisms benefit from the relationship

50
Q

Commensalism

A

A relationship where one organism benefits from the other without harming it

51
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship where both organisms benefit

52
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host’s expect

53
Q

Predation

A

The preying of one animal on other

54
Q

Chlorofluorocarbons

A

Any of a class of compounds of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and flooring, typically gases used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants

55
Q

Lipid

A

Organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

56
Q

Osmosis

A

A process by which molecules of a solvent pass through a semi permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one

57
Q

Potassium Ions

A

The essential mineral micronutrient and the main intercellular ion for all types of cells

58
Q

Ribosomes

A

The protein builders or the proteins synthesizers of the cell

59
Q

Respiration

A

Process and living organisms involved in the production of energy, typically with intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide

60
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

G

61
Q

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

A

H

62
Q

Aerobic

A

H

63
Q

Genotype

A

J

64
Q

Mutation

A

H

65
Q

Prokaryotic

A

H

66
Q

Eukaryotic

A

G

67
Q

Pedigree

A

H

68
Q

Recessive Genetic Disorder

A

H

69
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

H

70
Q

Pathogens

A

H

71
Q

Antibodies

A

G

72
Q

Carnivore

A

H

73
Q

Herbivore

A

I

74
Q

Chloroplasts

A

U

75
Q

Transpiration

A

T

76
Q

Fermentation

A

H

77
Q

Iodine

A

Igivivj

78
Q

Nitrogen Base

A

A nitrogen-containing organic compound that has the chemical properties of a base

Biology EOC (1 decks)

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