vocab Flashcards
temperature
a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
thermal expansion
an increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance
absolute zero
the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 K on the Kelvin scale or -273.16’C on the Celsius scale.
heat
the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperature
thermal energy
the kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms
thermal conduction
the transfer of energy as heat through a material
thermal conductors
a material through which energy can be transferred as heat
thermal insulator
a material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat
convection
the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas
radiation
the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves
specific heat
the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material 1 K or 1’C in a specified way given constant pressure and volume
states of matter
the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas
change of state
the change of a substance from one physical state to another
insulation
a substance that reduces the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound
heat engine
a machine that transforms heat into mechanical energy, or work
