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Cardiovascular System > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Atria

A

Two upper chambers of the heart

Receiving chambers

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1
Q

Apex

A

Blunt point on the bottom of the heart

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2
Q

Ventricles

A

Two lower chambers of the heart

Discharging chambers

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3
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle tissue on the heart chambers

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

Thin layer of very smooth tissue lining the heart chambers

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5
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart chamber lining

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6
Q

Thrombus

A

Clot

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7
Q

Pericardium

A

Lining of the heart

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8
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Inner layer of pericardium

Covers heart like apple skin

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9
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Outer layer of pericardium

-fits heart loosely to allow room for heart beating

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10
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart

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11
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of the heart

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12
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

Two valves that separate the atrial chambers above the ventricles

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13
Q

The left AV valve is

A

Bicuspid
Mitral
Tricuspid

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14
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

Attach the AV valves to the wall of the ventricles

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15
Q

Semilunar SL valves

A

Located between the two ventricular chambers

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16
Q

Superior & inferior vena cava

A

Two large veins that the blood enters through in the right atrium

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17
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

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18
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Any vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

19
Q

Aorta

A

Artery that gives off oxygenated blood to the body

20
Q

What happens when blood goes through the lungs

A

Oxygen is added and carbon dioxide is lost

21
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Delivery of oxygen & removal of waste in the myocardium

22
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Aortas first branches

Supplies blood to the myocardium

23
Q

Embolism

A

Blood clot that plugs up some part of the coronary artery

24
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply as in coronary thrombosis

25
Q

Agina pectoris

A

Describes chest pains that occurs when the myocardium is low on oxygen

26
Q

Coronary bypass surgery

A

Where veins are taken from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage

27
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

The hearts pacemaker

Where impulse normally starts

28
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

Small mass of specialized cardiac tissue

29
Q

AV bundle

A

Fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the AV node to the ventricles

30
Q

Purkinje fiber

A

Relays impulses from the AV node to the ventricles causing them to contract

31
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Record hearts electrical activity

32
Q

Tunica externa

A

Outermost layer (arteries & veins)
Made of connective tissue fibers which reinforce the wall of the vessel so that it will not burst under pressure
•thinner in arteries
• thicker in veins

33
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle layer
•thicker in arteries to push blood out & maintain blood pressure
•thinner in veins of elastic fibrous tissue

34
Q

Tunica intima

A

Inner layer

Single layer of squamous epithelial cells

35
Q

Precapillary sphincters

A

Guard the entrances to the capillaries and determine how much blood will flow into each capillary

36
Q

Arteries & arterioles

A

Distribute blood from the heart to capillaries all over body
•help maintain blood pressure at normal level

37
Q

Venules & veins

A

Collect blood from capillaries and return it to the heart

•carry blood under lower pressure

38
Q

Capillaries

A

Functional exchange vessels

39
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium

40
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium

41
Q

Hepatic portal circulation

A

The route of blood flow through the liver

42
Q

Blood pressure gradient

A

The difference between two blood pressures in the body

43
Q

Hypertension

A

Abnormally high blood pressure

44
Q

Peripheral resistance

A

Describes any force that acts against the flow of blood I’m a blood vessel

45
Q

Vasomotor mechanism

A

Factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscle in the vessel walls

46
Q

Central venous pressure

A

Venous pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure I’m the large peripheral veins

Cardiovascular System (2 decks)

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