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Endocrine System > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

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1
Q

Growth hormone

A

Stimulates growth in all organs,
mobilizes food molecules,
causes an increase in blood glucose concentration

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2
Q

Releasing hormone

A

Stimulate the interior pituitary to release hormones

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3
Q

Inhibiting hormone

A

Inhibit the interior pituitary secretion of hormones

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4
Q

T3 & t4 hormones

A

Stimulate The energy metabolism cells

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5
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Stimulates the breakdown of bone

causes an increase in blood calcium concentration

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6
Q

Adrenaline

A

Prolong and intensify the sympathetic nervous response during stress

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7
Q

Sex hormone (androgens)

A

Stimulate sexual drive in the female but have negligible effects in the male

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8
Q

Insulin

A

Promotes glucose entry into all cells causing a decrease in blood glucose concentration

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9
Q

Glucagon

A

Stimulates Live glycogenolysis causing an increase in blood glucose concentration

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10
Q

Estrogens

A

Promotes development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics

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11
Q

Testosterone

A

Promotes development and maintenance of mail sexual characteristics

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12
Q

Thymosins

A

Promotes development of immune system cells

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13
Q

Melatonin

A

Inhibits tropic hormones that affects the ovaries

may be involved in the body’s internal clock

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14
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the surface or into a cavity

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15
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Ductless glands that secrete hormones into intercellular spaces

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16
Q

Target cell

A

Cell in which a reaction of a hormone takes place

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17
Q

Hypersecretion

A

Production of too much hormones in one gland

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18
Q

Hyposecretion

A

Production of too little hormones in a gland

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19
Q

Nonsteroid hormone

A

Serves as a first messenger

provides communication between endocrine glands and target organs

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20
Q

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)

A

Serves as a second messenger

provides communication within a hormones target cells

21
Q

Steroid hormone

A

New protein is formed in the cytoplasm that produces specific effects in the target cell

22
Q

Negative feedback

A

Reverse changes back to normal

23
Q

Positive feedback

A

Amplify changes

24
Q

Prostaglandins (PG’s)

A

Tissue hormone

Influence activities of neighboring cells

25
Q

What are the three different types of prostaglandins (PG’s) and what what do they do.

A 
Prostaglandin A (PGA)
Prostaglandin E (PGE) 
Prostaglandin F (PGF) 
Influence respiration , gastrointestinal secretion, blood pressure, inflammation, and the reproductive system
26
Q

Pituitary gland

A 
Master gland 
Small but mighty structure 
No larger than a pea 
Really 2 glands in one 
(Anterior pituitary gland & posterior pituitary gland)
27
Q

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

A

Structure of endocrine gland

28
Q

Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

A

Structure of nervous system

29
Q

Stella turcica

A

Sphenoid gland that holds pituitary gland

30
Q

Tropic hormone

A

Stimulates another endocrine gland to grow and secrete it’s hormones

31
Q

Prolactin

A

Stimulates the breast development for milk stimulation

32
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Accelerates the reabsorption of water from urine in the kidney tubules back into the blood

33
Q

Diabetes insidipus

A

Hypo secretion of ADH (antidiuretic)

Large volumes of urine are formed

34
Q

Oxytocin (OT)

A

Stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle of the pregnant uterus and is believed to initiate and maintain labor

  • stimulates “milk let down”
  • supports mother infant bond
35
Q

Corticoids

A

Hormones secreted by the three layers of the adrenal cortex

36
Q

Mineralcorticoids

A

Hormones secreted at the outer layer of the adrenal cortex

37
Q

Aldosterone

A

Main mineralocorticoid

Increase the amount of sodium and decrease the amount of potassium in the blood

38
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

A process that converts amino acids to glucose and that is performed mainly by liver cells
- maintains normal blood glucose level
& blood pressure

39
Q

Epinephrine & norepinephrine

A

“Adrenaline” is epinephrine

- they both stimulate “fight or flight” response

40
Q

Glucagon

A

Secreted by alpha cells

41
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

A chemical process by which the glucose in the liver cells in the form of glycogen is converted to glucose

42
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

When pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin

-blood glucose levels increases

43
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Increase of insulin

Prevents normal affect of insulin on it’s targeting cells

44
Q

Insulin

A

Only hormone that can decrease blood glucose concentration levels

45
Q

Glycosuria

A

When excess glucose is lost in the urine

46
Q

Chorionic gonadotropin

A

Produced by placenta during pregnancy

-tropic hormone secreted by cells of the chorion

47
Q

Chorion

A

Outermost membrane that surrounds the baby during development in the uterus

48
Q

Melatonin

A

Regulated the menstrual cycle in women

49
Q

Ghrelin

A

Secreted by epithelial cells lining the stomach and boosts appetite, slows metabolism, and reduced fat burning.

50
Q

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

A

Secreted by cells in the wall of the hearts atria (upper chambers)
- regulator in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and is an antagonist to aldosterone

51
Q

Leptin

A

Secreted by fat storing cells throughout the body

-regulates how hungry or how full we feel and how fat is metabolized by the body.

Endocrine System (1 decks)

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