Vocab Flashcards
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait
Chromosome
discrete package of DNA that codes for genes
Trait
an inherited characteristic
Homologous Chromosomes
one set of chromosomes from mom and one set from dad that form a pair
Allele
Different versions (alternate forms) for a gene at a single location in the DNA
Dominant
observed trait of an organism that masks any other allele
recessive
masked by a doninant allele
homozygous dominant
two copies of the dominant allele
heterozygous
one dominant and one recessive allele
homozygous recessive
2 copies of the recessive alleles
phenotype
the appearance of an organism
genotype
the inherited allele combination of an organism for a gene
heredity
the passing of characteristics from generation to generation
inheritance
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
gregor mendel
the father of genetics, worked with pea plants
monohybrid cross
a genetic mating of individuals that are different for only one trait (tall vs. dwarf)
p generation
the parental generation
F1 generation
the 1st generation of offspring
F2 generation
the second generation of offspring
gametes
egg or sperm
mendels law of segregation
alleles are randomly placed into gametes during meiosis
mendel’s law of independent assortment
alleles are inherited independent from other alleles
punnet square
an easy short hand way to predict the outcome of crosses
pure breeding
homozygous individual that can only make one type of allele
