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Anatomy-nervous System > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

PNS- peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves on the peripheral parts of the body

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1
Q

CNS - central nervous system

A

Nerves in the brain & spinal cord

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2
Q

ANS - autonomic

A
  • controls nerves you don think about
  • heart rate
  • contractions of stomach & intestines
  • secretion if chemical compounds by glands
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3
Q

Neuron

A
  • Nerve cell
  • no mitosis
  • conduct impulses
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4
Q

Glia cells

A
  • act as “glue”
  • Support cells
  • mitosis
  • holds functioning neurons together & protects them
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5
Q

Schwann cells

A
  • found in PNS
  • wrapped around ONE axon
  • form of glia cell
  • form myelin sheaths
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6
Q

SNS - somatic

A

•Controls nerves you think about

Aka voluntary

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7
Q

Astrocyte

A
  • large glia cells that look like stars

* branches attach to neurons and small blood vessels holding them together

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8
Q

Blood brain barrier (BBB)

A
  • It’s the 2 layer structure in astrocytes

* separates the blood tissue and nervous tissue to protect brain tissue from chemicals in blood

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9
Q

Microglia

A
  • in degenerating brain tissue, they enlarge & move about
  • act as microbe eating scavengers
  • digest microbes into cytoplasm
  • clean up cell damage
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10
Q

Oligrodendrocytes

A
  • Found in CNS
  • hold nerve fibers together
  • produce myelin sheath that surround nerve fiber
  • wrap around several axons
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11
Q

Sensory/ afferent neurons

A

• transmits impulses to CNS

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12
Q

Motor/efferent neurons

A

•Transmits Impulses to PNS

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13
Q

Interneuron

A

•conduct impulses from sensory to motor neurons

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14
Q

Myelin

A

•white fatty substance formed by Schwann cells that wrap around some axons outside of CNS

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15
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

•Spaces between Schwann cells

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16
Q

Glioma

A

•Brain tumor developed from glia cells

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17
Q

Cell body

A

•Main part of a neuron in which dendrites and axons extend

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18
Q

Axon

A

•transmit impulses from cell body away

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19
Q

Dendrites

A

•processes impulses to cell body

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20
Q

Neurilemma

A
  • outer cell membrane of a Schwann cell
  • plays essential part in regenerating of injured axons
  • CNS has no neurilemmas
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21
Q

Tracts

A

•bundles of axons in CNS

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22
Q

White matter

A

Nerves covered w white myelin

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23
Q

Grey matter

A

Tissue made up of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons and dendrites

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24
Q

Endoneurium

A

• thin wrapping of fibrous connective tissue over axon

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25
Q

Fascicles

A

Groups of endometrium aka wrapped axons

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26
Q

Perineurium

A

Layer on top of fascicles aka group of endometrium

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27
Q

Epineurium

A

Tough fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve

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28
Q

Action potential

A

•route made up of neurons that conduct impulses

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29
Q

Reflex arc

A
  • allow impulse conduction in only one direction

* a 2 neuron arc consists of sensory and motor neurons

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30
Q

Receptors

A

•beginning of dendrites of sensory neurons

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31
Q

Ganglion

A

A groups of nerve cell bodies located in PNS

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32
Q

Synapse

A

Space separating axon ending from one neuron to another neurons dendrites

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33
Q

Effector

A
  • Organ that puts nerve signals “into effect”

* effectors are muscles or glands

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34
Q

Reflex

A
  • the response to impulse conduction over a reflex arc

* “knee jerk” response

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35
Q

Withdrawl reflex

A

•a 3 neuron arc reaction
- include sensory, motor, and interneurons
• a reflex that causes muscles to pull away

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36
Q

Polarization

A

A positive charge on outside & negative on inside

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37
Q

Depolarization

A

Inside is positive & outside is negative

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38
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Impulse that jumps around the gaps in the myelin sheath on axons

39
Q

Presynaptic conduction

A

Where the impulse is first transmitted

40
Q

Postsynaptic

A

Where the impulse it transmitted to

• aka the second neuron the impulse is transmitted to

41
Q

Synaptic knob

A

•a tiny bulge at the end of a branch on the axon of a presynaptic neuron

42
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Space between synaptic knob & the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron

43
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemicals by which neurons communicate

44
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Released at some of the synapses in the spinal cord and neuromuscular junctions

45
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  • Hormone secreted by adrenal medulla

* release my sympathetic nervous system (SMS)

46
Q

Dopamine

A

Chemical neurotransmitter

47
Q

Serotonin

A

A neurotransmitter

48
Q

Catechism ones

A
  • A group in which the compounds ; norepinephrine, dopamine, & serotonin belong to
  • plays role in sleep, motor function, mood, and pleasure recognition
49
Q

Endorphins

A
  • influence pain & perception
  • a natural pain killer
  • in CNS
50
Q

Enkephalins

A

Natural painkiller in CNS

51
Q

Nitric oxide

A

Diffuses directly across the plasma membrane of neurons

52
Q

Brainstem

A

Consists of the
•medulla oblongata
•pons
•midbrain

53
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Consists of grey and white matter

54
Q

Reticular formation

A

Bits of grey and white matter mixed closely

In the medulla

55
Q

Pons

A

Consists of white matter and scattered bits of grey

In the brain stem

56
Q

Midbrain

A

Located above pons

57
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Second largest part of human brain
  • arbor vitae
  • plays part in movement
58
Q

Arbor vitae

A
  • inside cerebellum

* “living tree”

59
Q

Diencephalon

A
  • located between midbrain & cerebrum

* consists of hypothalamus and thalamus

60
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • located below thalamus

* controls all internal organs

61
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Affects the volume of urine excreted

62
Q

Thalamus

A
  • above hypothalamus
  • it produces and controls sensations
  • plays a part in the arousal mechanism
63
Q

Pineal body

A
  • resembles a small pine nut

* receives sensory info

64
Q

Cerebrum

A

•largest and uppermost part of the brain

65
Q

Gyri

A

Ridges in the cerebrum

Higher point

66
Q

Sulci

A

Deepest part of the ridged in cerebrum

67
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Connects two fissures in the brain (left and right halves )

68
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Surface of cerebrum

69
Q

Basal nuclei

A

Produces automatic movements and postures

70
Q

Cerebral vascular accident

A

An injury that causes a hemorrhage of blood flow through the cerebral blood vessels.
Victim can’t move the opposite side of body

71
Q

Spinal tract

A

Bundles of myelinated nerve fibers

72
Q

Anesthesia

A

Loss of sensation

73
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of ability to make voluntary movements

74
Q

Meninges

A

Tough fluid containing membrane covering brain and spinal cord

75
Q

Dura mater

A

Tough outermost layer in spin cord

76
Q

Pia mater

A

Covers innermost membrane I’m spinal cord

77
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Fluid between the meninges (pia & arachnoid)

78
Q

Ventricles

A

Irregular shapes of the brain

79
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Brain capillary where cerebral spinal fluid is filtered

80
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Condition in which the cerebrospinal fluid goes on the brain

81
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Connect to brain and spinal nerves

82
Q

Plexus

A

When never fibers from several spinal nerves are reorganized to form a single peripheral nerve
Aka “braided” branching

83
Q

Dermatomes

A

Skin surface that is supplied by a single spinal nerve

84
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A
  • ANS
  • produce changes in our bodies when we have strong emotions
  • fight or flight response
  • located in thoraculumbar system
  • makes a heart beat faster
  • several organs effected
85
Q

Autonomic neurons

A

Motor neurons that make up ANS

86
Q

Ganglia

A

“Junction boxes” that are terminated by axons

87
Q

Preganglion neuron

A

Conduct impulses between spinal cord and ganglion

88
Q

Autonomic/visceral effectors

A

Tissues to which autonomic neurons conduct impulses

•ex. Cardiac and smooth muscle etc.

89
Q

Sympathetic ganglion neurons

A

Synapses w postganglionic neurons

90
Q

Sympathetic post ganglionic neurons

A

Travel in spinal nerves to blood vessels sweat glands and arrector pili hair muscles all over body

91
Q

Fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic control

92
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • located in cranial sacral system
  • stimulation frequently involves response by only one organ
  • calms a person down
  • one organ effected
93
Q

Cholinergic fibers

A

Axons that release acetylcholine

94
Q

Adrenergic fibers

A

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Anatomy-nervous System (1 decks)

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