Vocab Flashcards
Reification
Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing.
Intelligence
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Factor analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie ones total score.
General intelligence (g)
A general intelligence factor that according to SPEARMAN and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
Charles Spearman
Helped develop factor analysis and believed in a general intelligence (g) factor.
Thurstone
Disagreed with Spearman, mathematically identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities. (Word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory.)
Gardner
Supports Thurstone’s idea of “primary mental abilities” but instead came up with 8 of his own clusters and also did studies of people with savant syndrome.
Savant syndrome
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
Sternberg
Agrees with Gardner’s idea of multiple intelligences, But Sternberg had a triarchic theory that distinguishes 3 intelligences not 8.
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
Creativity
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
Intelligence test
A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
Mental age
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. i.e. A child that does as well as the average 8 year old is said to have a mental age of 8.
Binet
Set out to find a measure that we now call mental age. This helped predict how well students will handle school work.
Terman
Developed the foundations for am innate IQ. Adapted some of Binet’s original items, added others, and extended the upper end of the test’s range from teenagers to “superior adults”.
Stanford-Binet
The new name given to Terman’s revision of Binet’s mental age tests.
Intelligence Quotient
Originally defined as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100.
Aptitude test
A test designed to predict a person’s future performance. Aptitude= the capacity to learn
Achievement test
A test designed to assess what a person has learned.
Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)
Most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests.
Standardization
Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group.
The Flynn Effect
WAIS Intelligence test performances have been rising since the 1930’s. The average persons score 80 years ago is the equivalent to a 76 today.
Normal curve
The symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. AP stats
Reliability
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting.
