Vocab Flashcards
Nitrogen containing base
molecule containing nitrogen part of DNA nucleotide
deoxyribose
a sugar molecule part of the DNA nucleotide
Purines
Two ringed carbon and nitrogen bases
Pyrimidines
One ringed carbon and nitrogen bases
Double Helix
DNAs shape
Francis Crick and James Watson
Constructed the DNS model
Rosalind Franklin&Maurice Wilkins
Constructed Xray photographs of DNA crystals
Hydrogen Bonds
Help hold two chains of DNA together
Complementary base pairs
DNA pairs normally in normal conditions
Replication
process of copying DNA in cell
Replication Fork
Point at which two chains seperste
Helicase
Chains separate by enzymes
DNA polymerase
enzymes binded to separate chains of DNA
Mutations
change in nucleotide sequence
RNA
nucleic acid made up of repeating nucleotides
Ribose
Sugars molecule of every RNA nucleotide
Uracil
nitrogen containing base usually replaces thymine in RNA
messenger RNA
RNA nucleotides in single uncouled chain
Ribosomal RNA
most abundant form of RNA
Transcription
Senetic info is copied from DNA to RNA
RNA polymerase
primary transcription enzyme synthesis RNA copies of specific sequence of DNA
Promoters
RNA polymerase initiates RNA transcription
Termination signal
transcripts continues one nucleotide at a time until RNA
Polypeptides
chain of 3 amino acids linked together by peptide bond
Protiens
one or more polypeptides each of which consists of specific sequence of amino acids
Genetic Code
used by most organisms to translate RNA to transcript protiens
Codon
each combination of 3 mRNA nucleotides
Start Codon
Engages ribosomes to start translating n mRNA molecule
Stop Codon
Cause ribosomes to stop translating an mRNA
Translation
process of assembling polypeptides from info encoded w mRNA
Anticodon
loop opposite site of amino acid attachment bears a sequence of 3 nucleotides
Ribosomes
composed of mRNA and protiens are both free in the cytosol and attached to the ER
