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Basic Exercise Science > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Type of bone cell that removes bone tissue

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2
Q

Functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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3
Q

Ability of nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory info to allow for proper decision making, which produces appropriate responses

A

Integrative Function

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3
Q

The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

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4
Q

Neural Activation

A

The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

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5
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

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5
Q

Skeletal System

A

Body’s framework, composed of bones and joints

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5
Q

Muscular System

A

Series of muscles that moves the skeleton

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5
Q

Body’s framework, composed of bones and joints

A

Skeletal System

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5
Q

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

A

Axial Skeleton

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5
Q

Series of muscles that moves the skeleton

A

Muscular System

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6
Q

Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage

A

Cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones

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6
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular juntion (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle

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6
Q

The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

A

Endomysium

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8
Q

Motor (Efferent) Neurons

A

Transmit erve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites

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9
Q

Endomysium

A

The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

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10
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of long bone, mainly composed of cancellous bone, and hous much of red marrow involved in RBC production. 1 of primary sites for bone growth

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10
Q

Perimysium

A

The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

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11
Q

Nervous System

A

Conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body

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12
Q

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle

A

Epimysium

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13
Q

Transmit erve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites

A

Motor (Efferent) Neurons

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14
Q

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin

A

Sarcomere

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15
Q

Vertebral Column

A

A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

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16
Q

Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

A

Interneurons

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17
Q

Epimysium

A

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle

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17
Q

Process of resorption and formation of bones

A

Remodeling

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18
Q

Junctions of bones, mucles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Aka an Articulation

A

Joints

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19
Q

Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory (Afferent) Neurons

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19
Q

Joint that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associatead with movement in the body

A

Synovial Joint

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21
Q

Interneurons

A

Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

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22
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

The region of long bone connecting diaphysis to epiphysis. It is a layer of subdividing cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of the diaphysis occurs

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23
Q

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

A

Motor Unit

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24
Q

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

A

Processes

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25
Q

Joint Receptors

A

Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint

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25
Q

The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

A

Neural Activation

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27
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

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28
Q

Nonsynovial Joint

A

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage

28
Q

Flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites

A

Depressions

28
Q

Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular juntion (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle

A

Neurotransmitters

30
Q

Proprioception

A

Cumulative sensory input to te central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement

31
Q

Muscles Spindles

A

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

32
Q

Cumulative sensory input to te central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement

A

Proprioception

33
Q

Central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

A

Medullar Cavity

34
Q

Neuron

A

Functional unit of the nervous system

35
Q

Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limtation of improper joint movement

A

Ligament

36
Q

Conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body

A

Nervous System

39
Q

Depressions

A

Flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites

40
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Joint that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associatead with movement in the body

41
Q

Ability of nervous system to sense changes in either internal or external environment.

A

Sensory Function

43
Q

Sensory (Afferent) Neurons

A

Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord

44
Q

The region of long bone connecting diaphysis to epiphysis. It is a layer of subdividing cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of the diaphysis occurs

A

Epiphyseal Plate

46
Q

Joints

A

Junctions of bones, mucles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Aka an Articulation

47
Q

Bones

A

Provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

48
Q

The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

A

Perimysium

50
Q

Periosteum

A

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all bone, except that of the articulating surgaces in joints, which are vocered by a synovial membrane

51
Q

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

A

Muscles Spindles

51
Q

Type of bone cell that removes bone tissue

A

Osteoclasts

53
Q

Sensory Function

A

Ability of nervous system to sense changes in either internal or external environment.

54
Q

Golgi Tendo Organs

A

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change

55
Q

Type of cell responsible for bone formation

A

Osteoblasts

56
Q

Portion of skeletal system that includes upper and lower extremities

A

Appendicular Skeleton

56
Q

Shaft portion of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

57
Q

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

A

Tendons

59
Q

Motor Function

A

Neuromuscular response to the sensory info

59
Q

Sarcomere

A

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin

60
Q

Joint motion

A

Arthrokinematics

62
Q

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change

A

Golgi Tendo Organs

64
Q

Provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

A

Bones

65
Q

A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

A

Vertebral Column

66
Q

Combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems

A

Human Movement System

67
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

68
Q

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

A

Mechanoreceptors

69
Q

Cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones

A

Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage

71
Q

Medullar Cavity

A

Central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

73
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Joint motion

74
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Type of cell responsible for bone formation

76
Q

Remodeling

A

Process of resorption and formation of bones

77
Q

Integrative Function

A

Ability of nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory info to allow for proper decision making, which produces appropriate responses

78
Q

Motor Unit

A

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

79
Q

End of long bone, mainly composed of cancellous bone, and hous much of red marrow involved in RBC production. 1 of primary sites for bone growth

A

Epiphysis

80
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Portion of skeletal system that includes upper and lower extremities

81
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

82
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

84
Q

Neuromuscular response to the sensory info

A

Motor Function

85
Q

Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

A

Peripheral Nervous System

86
Q

Ligament

A

Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limtation of improper joint movement

87
Q

Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint

A

Joint Receptors

88
Q

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage

A

Nonsynovial Joint

89
Q

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all bone, except that of the articulating surgaces in joints, which are vocered by a synovial membrane

A

Periosteum

90
Q

Processes

A

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

91
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft portion of a long bone

92
Q

Human Movement System

A

Combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems

Basic Exercise Science (1 decks)

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