Vocab Flashcards
Interactive Instruction
Discussion and participation among students. Active Conversations ie: peer practice, discussions/debates, brainstorming, think-pair-share, buzz session
Vygotsky
Social Development Theory: learning occurs through social interaction, more knowledgeable other, zone of proximal development. Cultural/historical development.
Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs: Biological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem/Respect, Self Actualization
Paraeducator
Assists students one on one. Benefits: increased student self - concept, increased positive attitudes towards learning, increased teacher morale, improved parent relations
Piaget
Theory of Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage (7 - 11) and Formal Operational Stage (11 - 16+) AND Schema
Concrete Operational Stage
Ages 7 - 11. Students can think logically, but are limited to what they can physically manipulate. No longer egocentric. Classification.
Formal Operational Stage
Ages 11 - 16+. Students can use abstract thought, think logically within their mind. Can utilize metacognition. Multi - step, skills oriented problem solving.
Schema/Schemata
Shemata are building blocks for learning, constantly being modified by on going experiences. New learning experiences are organized into existing schemata in the mind.
Inductive Reasoning
Moving from experience to create a theory or hypothesis (specific to general)
Deductive Reasoning
Applying theory to observations/experience (general to specific)
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation OR Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, Creating
LRE
Least Restrictive Environment
Active Listening
encouraging, restating, reflecting, summarizing, asking questions
Reflective Practice
Treating oneself as an active learner. Examples: colleague observations, reflective portfolio
Goals of pre - assessment/assessing prior knowledge
(1) identify student misconceptions
(2) determine the level of student understanding
(3) find what students found interesting / important in the past
Erick Erickson
Psychosocial stages: Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority (5 - 12) and Stage 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 - 18)
Erickson Stage 4
Industry vs. Inferiority (5 - 12): Child feels the need to win approval by demonstrating competencies that are valued by society, and feels pride in their accomplishments. If they are encouraged in this they will feel confident, if they are discouraged they may develop a sense of inferiority.
Erickson Stage 5
Identity vs Role Confusion (12 - 18): The individual is developing their identity and identifying their role in society. Failure to identify role leads to role confusion and feeling pressured into a role can lead to rebellion or other negativity.
Direct Instruction
Explicit teaching, lecture or demos. Not inquiry based or experiential.
Kohlberg
Heinz stealing drug for wife predicament
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
Conventional Morality
Stage 3: Approval of others/good interpersonal relationships
Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
Post conventional Morality
Stage 5: Social Contract versus Individual Rights
Stage 6: Universal Principles (personal morals)
Webb’s Depth of Knowledge
recall & reproduction
skills & concepts
strategic thinking
extended thinking
Reliability vs Validity
Reliable - consistent results
Valid - measures what it is intended to
Thorndike
Operant Conditioning: learning the consequences of behavior
Law of Effect
Thorndike, any behavior followed by a pleasant consequence will be repeated, any behavior followed by a negative consequence will be stopped or lessened
Sternberg
COMPONENTIAL (analytical)
EXPERIENTIAL (creative)
PRACTICAL (contextual)
Constructivism
Piaget: learning is based on on prior experience
Curriculum Compacting
Reducing the number of activities/lessons in a subject for more advanced students
Curriculum Chunking
Breaking a unit into smaller parts to provide more support for students that need it
Cloze reading
Students fill in the blanks in reading 60+% indicates independent reading
Crystallized Intelligence
Being able to use information, accessing long term memory. Vocabulary development and mentorship help this.
Diagnostic Assessment
Pre - Assessment
DUPE problem solving
Define the problem
Understand the facets
Plan a solution
Evaluate outcomes
Mastery Learning
Bloom. All students must reach a level of mastery (probably not 100%) before moving on to another topic. If students do not reach this level, the teacher must adjust their instruction, it is not solely the fault of the students. Students must be given sufficient time to achieve mastery.
in suspected child abuse, who should be contacted first?
the school psychologist
Public Law 94-142
ensures free & appropriate education for handicapped students aged 3-21
fair use doctrine
copyrighted material can be used in the classroom, but must only be for students, without more copies than there are students in the class
what do gifted students require directed education for? why?
research & study skills, in order to enable more independent work
Diana vs State Board of Ed
assessments must be administered in a student’s native language
procedure vs routine
procedure: tasks always being done the same way (i.e. raising hands)
routine: always doing tasks at the same time
when is it OK to redirect a question to another student after a wrong answer?
high-achieving students are more comfortable answering incorrectly
John Watson
Behaviorism: focus on behavior rather than “the mind,” learning through practice and consequence
SQ3R
Survey Question Read Recite Review
Divergent Thinking
Solving a problem with many possible solutions or open - ended questions. Elaborating many ideas when prompted by a stimulus
Convergent Thinking
Using a variety of sources to help solve a problem with a single solution
Communication Theory
Elements of Communication: source, sender, channel, receiver, destination, message, feedback
Best Practice Indigenous Pedagogy
Relationships, relevance, time for reflection, space - based pedagogy, Strengths - based, get them outside, learn Native culture/language/traditions, community based, experiential/learning through discovery
Best Practice Indigenous Pedagogy
Relationships, relevance, time for reflection, space - based pedagogy, Strengths - based, get them outside, learn Native culture/language/traditions, community based, experiential/learning through discovery
