Vocab Flashcards
Agricultural revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.
Agricultural density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
Census
A complete enumeration of a
population.
Crude birth rate
The total
number of live births in a year for every
1,000 people alive in the society.
Crude death rate (CDR)
The total
number of deaths in a year for every 1,000
people alive in the society
Demographic transition
The
process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.
Demography
The scientific study of
population characteristics
Dependency ratio
The number of
people under the age of 15 and over age 64
compared to the number of people active
in the labor force.
Doubling time
The number of years
needed to double a population, assuming
a constant rate of natural increase.
Ecumene
The portion of Earth’s
surface occupied by permanent human
settlement.
Epidemiologic transition
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
Epidemiology
Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.
Industrial Revolution
A series of
improvements in industrial technology
that transformed the process of manufacturing
goods
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
The total
number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births
in a society.
Life expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live
Medical Revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives
Natural increase rate (NIR)
The percentage
growth of a population in a year,
computed as the crude birth rate minus
the crude death rate.
Overpopulation
The number of
people in an area exceeds the capacity of
the environment to support life at a decent
standard of living.
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a
wide geographic area and affects a very
high proportion of the population
Physiological density
The number of
people per unit of area of arable land,
which is land suitable for agriculture.
Population Pyramid
A bar graph representing
the distribution of population by
age and sex.
Sex ratio
The number of
males per 100 females in the
population.
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The
average number of children a woman will
have throughout her childbearing years.
Zero population growth (ZPG)
A
decline of the total fertility rate to the point
where the natural increase rate equals zero.
natality (birth rate)
the number of live births divided by the population
gendered space
areas or regions designed for men or women
Maladaptation
an adaptation that is less helpful than harmful; It can also signify an adaptation that, whilst reasonable at the time, has become less and less suitable and more of a problem or hindrance in its own right, as time goes on
carrying capacity
largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support
Thomas Malthus Model
population growth threatened future generations because, in Malthus’ view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production
