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Biology Vocab > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Define DNA

A

The nucleic acid that contains all genetic information for a cell

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1
Q

Define cell

A

The basic unit of life

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2
Q

Define double helix

A

The shape of DNA that resembles a spiral staircase or a twisted ladder.

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3
Q

Organelle

A

Subcellular structures

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

The organelle that controls the cell by producing proteins and contains all genetic material

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6
Q

Define Nucleic Acid

A

The building block of living organisms that passes genetic information from one generation to the next.

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

Cells structure found outside the cell membrane in planets,algae,fungi,and some bacteria that provides support and protection

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9
Q

Nucleotide

A

A monomer of nucleic acid;consisting of sugar,phosphate,and a nitrogen base.

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10
Q

Cell membrane

A

Cell structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell

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12
Q

Ribosomes

A

A cell organelle that makes protein

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19
Q

Define hypothesis

A

The proposed scientific explanation for a set

Of observation

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20
Q

Define theory

A

an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time

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23
Q

Define control group

A

A group of subjects closely resembling the experimental group

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24
Q

Define Stimulus

A

Any physical or chemical input that is sensed

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25
Q

Define experimental group

A

A group of subjects which receive the factor under study

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28
Q

Define element

A

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

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29
Q

Define molecule

A

A group of atoms bonded together forming the smallest fundmental unit of pure substance

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30
Q

Define isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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31
Q

Define chemical bonding

A

An attraction between two or more atoms resulting in the formation of different chemical substances

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32
Q

Define chemical reaction

A

Changes in chemical substances involving bond breaking and or bond forming resulting in different chemical substances

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33
Q

Define ion

A

A positively or negatively charged atom

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34
Q

Define ionic bond

A

Formed when one or more electrons from one atom to another

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35
Q

Define covalent bond

A

Forms when electrons are shared between atoms

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36
Q

Carbohydrate

A

The molecule that is the major source of energy for an organism.

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37
Q

Glucose

A

The monomer of carbohydrate(sugar)

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38
Q

Protein

A

The molecule needed by organisms for growth and repair

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39
Q

Amino acid

A

The monomer of protein

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40
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that speeds up biological reactions

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41
Q

Solvent

A

The substance in which the solute dissolves in a solution

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42
Q

Define valence electrons

A

The electrons in the outer shell or engery level that are available for bonding

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43
Q

Chloroplast

A

The organelle found in some organisms that carries out photosynthesis.

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44
Q

Vacuole

A

The organelle that is used to store materials

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45
Q

Cellular transport

A

The movement of materials into,out of,or within of a cell

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46
Q

Passive transport

A

Type of cell transport that does not require energy

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47
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of particles moves from an area of higher concentration to an area lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

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48
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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49
Q

Active transport

A

Type of cell transport that does require energy

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50
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

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51
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which planets and some organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose

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52
Q

Protein synthesis

A

The process of making proteins

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53
Q

Cell division

A

The process by which a divides into two new daughter cells

54
Q

Mitosis

A

The process by which the nucleus is divided in two identical nuclei

55
Q

Genetics

A

The scientific study of heredity

56
Q

Genetics variation

A

The tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a population to differ from one another

57
Q

Gene

A

Th chemical factor that determines a trait

58
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in DNA

59
Q

Alleles

A

The alternate forms of a gene

60
Q

Homozygous

A

An organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait

61
Q

Heterozygous

A

An organism with two different alleles for particular trait

62
Q

Punnet square

A

A tool used to predict outcomes in genetics

63
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism based on alleles inherited

64
Q

Phenotype

A

A physical characteristics of an organsim

65
Q

Inheritance

A

The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring

66
Q

Trait

A

Any specific characteristic of an individual

67
Q

Recombination

A

The formation of new and different sets of chromosomes or genes

68
Q

Meiosis

A

The process that makes make the sex cells by reducing the chromosome number in half

69
Q

Fertilization

A

The joining of male and female reproductive cells to produce a new organism

70
Q

Gamete

A

The term for sex cells,egg and sperm

71
Q

Biological evolution

A

The descent with modification of organism for common ancestors

72
Q

Natural selection

A

The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environmental survive and reproduce most successfully

73
Q

Adaptations

A

The inherited traits that increases an organisms an organisms chance of survival

74
Q

Behavioral adaptation

A

A type of adaptation that affects the behavior of an animal

75
Q

Physiological adaptation

A

A type of adaptation that effects the function of an organism

76
Q

Morphological adaptations

A

A type of adaptation that affects the structure of an organism

77
Q

Fossil

A

The preserved remaind of animted organisms

78
Q

Fossil record

A

A collection of preserved oraganisms or their traces stored in earth

79
Q

Radioactive dating

A

The method of cal calculating the absolute age of rocks

80
Q

Biological diversity

A

The variety of organisms in the biosphere

81
Q

Ecology

A

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms in their non-living environment

82
Q

Biosphere

A

The portion of the plant in which all life exist

83
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring

84
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals that Belong to the same species and live in the same area

85
Q

Community

A

Two or more different that live in a defined area

86
Q

Ecosystem

A

A collection of all organisms that live in a particular place together with the non-living environment

87
Q

Biome

A

A group of ecosystem that have the same climate and dominant organisms

88
Q

Autotrophs

A

An organism that can make its own food internally

89
Q

Heterotroph

A

An organism that relies on other organisms for energy and food supply

90
Q

Food chain

A

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eating

91
Q

Food web

A

Links all the food chains in the ecosystem together

92
Q

Bio geochemical cycle

A

A cycle by which materials necessary for organisms are circulated between organisms and through the environment

93
Q

Environmental quality

A

The state of environmental conditions

94
Q

Transpiration

A

The evaporation of water from leaves to plant

95
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

The conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia by bacteria living in the soil

96
Q

Symbiosis

A

any relationship in which two species live together

97
Q

Mutualism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which two species live together

98
Q

Commensalism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and causes it no harm

99
Q

Parasitism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism live on or inside another organism and causes it harm

100
Q

Cytoroplast

A

The fluid portion of a cells interior

101
Q

Selectively permeable

A

A property of biological membranes that allows some substance to pass across,while others cannot

102
Q

Mitochondria

A

A cell organelle that converts food into cell energy

103
Q

Metabolism

A

A set of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms to sustain life

104
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A cell that contains a nucleus

105
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved Ina solution

106
Q

Define ph

A

The measure or alkalinity of a solution

107
Q

Define acid

A

A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion h+

108
Q

Define base

A

a substance that dissolves in water to release to release hydroxide ion oh

110
Q

Define electron

A

The negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of an atom

111
Q

Define neutron

A

The particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom

112
Q

Define proton

A

The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

114
Q

Define Atom

A

The basic unit of matter

Biology Vocab (1 decks)

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