vocab

Question 1

Alice Paul

Answer 1

American suffragist and women’s rights activist, she led a successful campaign for women’s suffrage that resulted in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920, which prohibits discrimination in the right to vote

Question 2

Anti-Saloon Leauge

Answer 2

leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century.

Question 3

Booker T Washington

Answer 3

African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915. His base was the Tuskegee Institute, a historically black college in Alabama.

Question 4

Carrie Chapman Catt

Answer 4

was an American women’s suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women

Question 5

Election of 1912

Answer 5

The election was a rare four-way contest.[1] President William Howard Taft was renominated by the Republican Party with the support of its conservative wing. After former President Theodore Roosevelt failed to receive the Republican nomination, he called his own convention and created the Progressive Party (nicknamed the “Bull Moose Party”). Democrat Woodrow Wilson was finally nominated on the 46th ballot of a contentious convention Eugene V. Debs, running for a fourth time, was the nominee of the Socialist Party of America. Wilson won the election, gaining a large majority in the Electoral College and winning 42% of the popular vote, while Roosevelt won 27%, Taft 23% and Debs 6%.

Question 6

Emilio Aguinaldo

Answer 6

First President of the Philippines (1899-1901) and led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution (1896-1897), and then in the Spanish-American War (1898), and finally against the United States during the Philippine-American War (1899-1901).

Question 7

Eugenics

Answer 7

is the belief and practice of improving the genetic quality of the human population.[2][3] It is a social philosophy advocating the improvement of human genetic traits through the promotion of higher reproduction of people with desired traits (positive eugenics), and reduced reproduction of people with less-desired or undesired traits (negative eugenics).[4]

Question 8

Federal Reserve Bank

Answer 8

the central banking system of the United States. There are twelve in total, one for each of the twelve Federal Reserve Districts that were created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913.[1] The banks are jointly responsible for implementing the monetary policy set forth by the Federal Open Market Committee,

Question 9

Frances Willard

Answer 9

instrumental in the passage of the Eighteenth (Prohibition) and Nineteenth (Women Suffrage) Amendments to the United States Constitution. Willard became the national president of Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1879, and remained president for 19 years. She developed the slogan “Do everything” for the women of the WCTU to incite lobbying, petitioning, preaching, publication, and education. Her vision progressed to include federal aid to education, free school lunches, unions for workers, the eight-hour work day, work relief for the poor, municipal sanitation and boards of health, national transportation, strong anti-rape laws, and protections against child abuse.[1]

Question 10

Gifford Pinchot

Answer 10

first Chief of the United States Forest Service from 1905 until his firing in 1910, and was the 28th Governor of Pennsylvania, serving from 1923 to 1927, and again from 1931 to 1935. He was a member of the Republican Party for most of his life, though he also joined the Progressive Party for a brief period.
Pinchot is known for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for advocating the conservation of the nation’s reserves by planned use and renewal

Question 11

Grandfather Clause

Answer 11

which created new literacy and property restrictions on voting, but exempted those whose ancestors (grandfathers) had the right to vote before the Civil War. The intent and effect of such rules was to prevent poor and illiterate African American former slaves and their descendants from voting, but without denying poor and illiterate whites the right to vote. Although these original grandfather clauses were eventually ruled unconstitutional,

Question 12

Henry Ford

Answer 12

American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Although Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line,[1] he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle class Americans could afford.

Question 13

Imperialism

Answer 13

an unequal human and territorial relationship, usually in the form of an empire, based on ideas of superiority and practices of dominance, and involving the extension of authority and control of one state or people over another.” (AKA, U.S imperialism on south america and the Caribbean)

Question 14

ICC

Answer 14

regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency’s original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies

Question 15

IWW

Answer 15

international revolutionary industrial labor organization that was formed in 1905,concept of “One Big Union”, contends that all workers should be united as a social class and that capitalism and wage labor should be abolished.

Question 16

Jane Addams

Answer 16

turn the US to issues of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, public health, and world peace. She said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed the vote to be effective in doing so. Addams became a role model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities. She is increasingly being recognized as a member of the American pragmatist school of philosophy.[2] In 1931 she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States.

Question 17

John Hay

Answer 17

American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln. Hay’s highest office was serving as United States Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 18

John Muir

Answer 18

Scottish-American naturalist, author, and early advocate of preservation of wilderness in the United States. helped to preserve the Yosemite Valley, Sequoia National Park and other wilderness areas. The Sierra Club, which he founded, is now one of the most important conservation organizations in the United States.

Question 19

Lucy Burns

Answer 19

American suffragist and women’s rights advocate.[1] She was a passionate activist in the United States and in the United Kingdom. Burns was a close friend of Alice Paul, and together they ultimately formed the National Woman’s Party

Question 20

Margaret Sanger

Answer 20

was an American birth control activist, sex educator, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term birth control, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Sanger’s efforts contributed to several judicial cases that helped legalize contraception in the United States. Sanger is a frequent target of criticism by opponents of birth control and has also been criticized for supporting eugenics, but remains an iconic figure in the American reproductive rights movement.

Question 21

Melting Pot

Answer 21

metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements “melting together” into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States

Question 22

Muckraker

Answer 22

reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for all popular magazines and continued a tradition of investigative journalism reporting; muckrakers often worked to expose social ills and corporate and political corruption.

Question 23

NAACP

Answer 23

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination”

Question 24

NAWSA

Answer 24

National American Woman Suffrage Association, American women’s rights organization formed in May 1890 as a unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). NAWSA pushed for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women’s voting rights, and was instrumental in winning the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920. Susan B. Anthony was the dominant figure in NAWSA from 1890 to 1900, at which time she stepped down in favor of Carrie Chapman Catt. Catt was president of NAWSA from 1900 to 1904 and again from 1915 onward. Anna Howard Shaw was president of NAWSA from 1904 to 1915.[2] After success in 1920, the NAWSA was reformed as the League of Women Voters, which continues the legacy.

Question 25

Panama Canal

Answer 25

in 1904, and took a decade to complete the canal, which was officially opened on August 15, 1914. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduced the amount of time taken for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. The shorter, faster, and safer route to the U.S. West Coast and to nations in and around the Pacific Ocean allowed those places to become more integrated with the world economy. The approximate time to traverse the canal is between 20 and 30 hours.During the construction era, ownership of the territory that is now the Panama Canal was first Colombian, then French, and then American. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977. Think Teddy Roosevelt

Question 26

Plutocracy

Answer 26

defines a society or a system ruled and dominated by the small minority of the wealthiest citizens.

Question 27

Pure Food and Drug Act

Answer 27

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws enacted by the Federal Government in the twentieth century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. Its main purpose was to ban foreign and interstate traffic in adulterated or mislabeled food and drug products, and it directed the U.S. Bureau of Chemistry to inspect products and refer offenders to prosecutors. It required that active ingredients be placed on the label of a drug’s packaging and that drugs could not fall below purity levels established by The United States Pharmacopeia or The National Formulary. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair was an inspirational piece that kept the public’s attention on the important issue of unsanitary meat processing plants that later formed the Pure Food and Drug Act. Think Teddy Roosevelt

Question 28

Remember the Maine!

Answer 28

The Maine is best known for her catastrophic loss in Havana Harbor on the evening of 15 February 1898. Sent to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban revolt against Spain, she exploded suddenly without warning and sank quickly, killing nearly three quarters of her crew. The cause and responsibility for her sinking remained unclear after a board of inquiry. Nevertheless, popular opinion in the U.S., fanned by inflammatory articles printed in the “Yellow Press” by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, blamed Spain. The phrase “Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain!” became a rallying cry for action, which came with the Spanish–American War later that year. While the sinking of the Maine was not a direct cause for action, it served as a catalyst, accelerating the approach to a diplomatic impasse between the U.S. and Spain.

Question 29

Robert LaFollette

Answer 29

member of the U.S. House of Representatives, was the Governor of Wisconsin, and was also a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin (1906 to 1925). He ran for President of the United States as the nominee of his own Progressive Party in 1924, carrying Wisconsin and 17% of the national popular vote.vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World War I, and the League of Nations.

Question 30

Rough Riders

Answer 30

1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the Spanish-American War and the only one of the three to see action. President William McKinley called upon 1,250 volunteers to assist in the war efforts Wood’s second in command was former assistant secretary of the United States Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, a man who had pushed for American involvement in Cuban independence. When Colonel Wood became commander of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, the Rough Riders then became “Roosevelt’s Rough Riders.” were mostly made of college athletes, cowboys, and ranchers

Question 31

Socialism

Answer 31

is a social and economic sys”em characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy. Or business controlled/ regulated by the government

Question 32

“The Jungle”

Answer 32

1906 book written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair (1878–1968).[1] Sinclair wrote the novel to portray the lives of immigrants in the United States in Chicago and similar industrialized cities. Many readers were most concerned with his exposure of health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, based on an investigation he did for a socialist newspaper.The book depicts working class poverty, the absence of social programs, harsh and unpleasant living and working conditions, and a hopelessness among many workers. These elements are contrasted with the deeply rooted corruption of people in power. Leads to the pure foods and drug act

Question 33

“The White Man’s Burden”

Answer 33

white men to colonize and rule other nations for the benefit of those people (both the people and the duty may be seen as representing the “burden” civilizing them.

Question 34

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Answer 34

deadliest industrial disasters in the history of the city, and resulted in the fourth highest loss of life from an industrial accident in U.S. history.The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers.

Question 35

Trust-Busting

Answer 35

Competition law is law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition law is known as antitrust law in the United States and anti-monopoly.

Question 36

W.E.B DuBois

Answer 36

American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community. After graduating from Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.

Question 37

WCTU

Answer 37

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was the first mass organization among women devoted to social reform with a program that “linked the religious and the secular through concerted and far-reaching reform strategies based on applied Christianity.including missionary work as well as matters of social reform such as suffrage.

Question 38

William Howard Taft

Answer 38

27th President of the United States (1909–1913). Taft’s domestic agenda emphasized trust-busting, civil service reform, strengthening the Interstate Commerce Commission, improving the performance of the postal service, and passage of the Sixteenth Amendment.

Question 39

William Randolph Hearst

Answer 39

newspaper publisher who built the nation’s largest newspaper chain and whose methods profoundly influenced American journalism.he exercised enormous political influence, and was famously blamed for pushing public opinion with his yellow journalism type of reporting leading the United States into a war with Spain in 1898.

Question 40

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 40

28th President of the United States, in office from 1913 to 1921. A leader of the Progressive Movement, Democratic Party to control both the White House and Congress for the first time in nearly two decades. This agenda included the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Farm Loan Act and an income tax. Child labor was curtailed by the Keating–Owen Act of 1916, but the U.S. Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in 1918. Wilson also had Congress pass the Adamson Act, which imposed an 8-hour workday for railroads

Question 41

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Answer 41

concept of “sea power” was based on the idea that countries with greater naval power will have greater worldwide impact; it was most famously presented in The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783 (1890). The concept had an enormous influence in shaping the strategic thought of navies across the world, especially in the United States, Germany, Japan and Britain, ultimately causing a European naval arms race in the 1890s, which included the United States. His ideas still permeate the U.S. Navy Doctrine.

Question 42

Progressivism

Answer 42

emerged in North America that focused on challenging economic exploitation and poverty, and by the mid-1890s the Social Gospel was common. A progressive political movement emerged in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in what was known as the Progressive Era with support among conservatives and liberals. American President Theodore Roosevelt of the US Republican Party and later the US Progressive Party declared that he “always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand”. American President Woodrow Wilson was also a member of the American progressive movement within the Democratic Party. Most likely to be the professionals and wealthier Americans. Their goals: Anti-tust laws, Workers comp., Minimum wage, max hrs., 8 hr work day, no child/convict labor, less immigration, pure foods and drugs act, Direct primaries, I.R.R (inisitive, referendem, and recall), voting restictions, lower tariffs, gradual income tax, corporate income tax, womens sufferage, federal reserve bank, prohibition. They were very succefull and is the reason why we are insured today and have so many safety regulations. founded in 1912 by President Theodore Roosevelt. This progressive party was the most successful third party in modern American history. The Progressive Party founded in 1924 and the Progressive Party founded in 1948 were less successful than the 1912 version. There are also two notable state progressive parties: the Wisconsin Progressive Party and the Vermont Progressive Party. The latter is still in operation and currently has several positions in state government.[28]
Today, members of the Green Party of the United States are most likely to self-identify as liberal progressives. In the U.S. Congress, the Congressional Progressive Caucus is the most liberal wing of the Democratic Party, and it is often in opposition to the more centrist or conservative Democrats who form the Blue Dogs caucus.