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Screwtape Letters Characters > Vocab 2 > Flashcards

Vocab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

15th amendment

A

Prohibited states from denying African American male votes. Circumvented through poll taxes and literacy tests.

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2
Q

Fiscal year

A

12 month period starting on October 1. Gov budgets go into effect at the beginning of fiscal year.

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3
Q

Freedom of Information Act

A

Declassified government documents for public use.

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4
Q

Front-loading

A

States push forward the date of their primary elections.

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5
Q

“Full faith and credit” clause

A

Requires states to honor one another’s licenses, marriages, and other acts of state courts.

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6
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Drawing congressional district lines to benefit one party over the other.

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7
Q

Gram-Rudman-Holings Bill

A

Set budget reduction targets to balance budget but failed to eliminate loopholes

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8
Q

Great Society

A

Lyndon B Johnson; social/economic program, aimed at raising the standard of living for American’s poorest residents. Medicare, Medicaid, Project Head Start, Volunteers in Service to America, etc.

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9
Q

Hatch Act

A

Forbade government officials from participating in partisan politics and protected federal employees from being fired on partisan grounds.

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10
Q

House Rules Committee

A

(Only in the H. of Reps) Determines the rules for debate of each bill, and whether a bill may be amended. MOST POWERFUL COMMITEE IN THE HOUSE.

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11
Q

Indictment

A

Written statement of criminal charges brought against a defendant.

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12
Q

Inevitable discovery

A

Exception to exclusionary rule that allows the use of illegally obtained evidence at trial if the court determines that the evidence would eventually have been found by legal means.

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13
Q

Initiative

A

Process by which voters may propose new laws.

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14
Q

Interest group

A

Political group organized around a particular goal or philosophy.

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15
Q

Iron triangle

A

“Sub-governments” close working of interest groups, congressional committees, and executive agencies to exert a powerful influence over legislation and law enforcement.

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16
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

State & local laws passed in post-Reconstruction era to enforce racial segregation.

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17
Q

Joint committee

A

Congressional committee composed of both houses.

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18
Q

Judicial activism

A

Actions of a court that frequently strikes down or alters the acts of the executive and/or legislative actions.

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19
Q

Judicial restraint

A

Actions of a court that demonstrates an unwillingness to break with precedent or to overturn legislative and executive acts

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20
Q

Judicial Review

A

Supreme Court power to declare laws & executive actions unconstitutional.

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21
Q

Legislative oversight

A

Check the power of the executive branch; investigate and evaluate the performance of corresponding executive agencies and departments.

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22
Q

Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

A

Closed the loophole that limited suits on discrimination pay

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23
Q

Line-item veto

A

Governors have this power, not president. Excise some portions of a spending bill without rejecting the whole bill.

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24
Q

John Marshall

A

3rd Chief Justice. Federalist who worked to increase the powers of the federal government over the states. Established judicial review in Marbury v. Madison

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25
Q

National convention

A

Political party officially announces its presidential nomination and reveals its party platform.

26
Q

National Organization for Women (NOW)

A

Feminist political group to promote legislative change.

27
Q

National Security Council

A

Presidential advisory board. Consults with the president on matters of defense and foreign policy.

28
Q

Objective good faith

A

Exception to the exclusionary rule that allows the use of illegally obtained evidence at trial if the court determines that police believed they were acting within the limits of their search warrant.

29
Q

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

A

Executive branch office responsible for drawing up the president’s proposals for the fed budget.

30
Q

Open primary

A

Primary election in which voters may vote in whichever party primary they choose, though they must select that party before entering the voting booth.

31
Q

Patriot Act (2001)

A

Passed in response to 9/11. Granted police authority to the federal, state, and local governments to interdict, prosecute, and convict suspected terrorists.

32
Q

Poison-pill Amendment (Killer Amendment)

A

Amendment to a bill proposed by its opponents to decrease the bill’s chance of passage.

33
Q

Policy Implementation

A

Process by which executive departments and agencies put legislation into practice.

34
Q

Political Action Committee (PAC)

A

Fundraising apparatus of interest groups. Regulated by federal law. Contribute heavily to the reelection campaigns of representatives.

35
Q

Populists

A

Mostly farmers and working-class. Sought inflationary economic policies to increase farm income. Also lobbied for a number of Democratic reforms that would later be adopted by progressives.

36
Q

Pork barrel

A

Budget items to benefit constituents in their home state or district. Politically beneficial

37
Q

Prior restraint

A

Censorship of news material before it is made public.

38
Q

Privileges and immunities clause.

A

State may not refuse police protection or access to its courts to a U.S. citizen bc they live in a different state.

39
Q

Progressive income tax

A

Increases tax rates for people with higher incomes.

40
Q

Quorum

A

Minimum number of people required for the legislature to act.

41
Q

Realignment

A

Groups of people composing the party coalition may split up. Rare. Last one was during the New Deal

42
Q

Recall election

A

Process through which voters can shorten an office holder’s term.

43
Q

Regulatory agency

A

Executive agency responsible for enforcing laws pertaining to a certain industry. Write guidelines for the industry, such as safety codes, and enforces them. I.E.: federal reserve board, EPA

44
Q

Reserved powers

A

Constitutional powers that belong solely to the states.

45
Q

Runoff Primary

A

Election held between top 2 candidates when neither received a legally required minimum percentage of the vote.

46
Q

Saving amendment

A

Amendment to a bill proposed in hopes of softening opposition by weakening objectionable elements of a bill.

47
Q

Select committee

A

Temporary committee of Congress, usually created to investigate certain issues.

48
Q

Selective incorporation

A

Process by which the Supreme Court has selectively applied the 14th amendment to state law.

49
Q

Senatorial courtesy

A

Tradition whereby candidates for the federal bureaucracy are appointed by the president and selected from a list of nominees submitted by senators.

50
Q

Shield law

A

Law guaranteeing news reporters the right to protect anonymity of their sources. Many states have passed Shield Laws, but not the federal government.

51
Q

Soft money

A

Political donations made to parties for the purpose of general party maintenance and support I.e.: get-out-the-vote campaigns, issue advocacy, and advertisements that promote the party but NOT INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATES. Soft money contributions to political parties were banned in 2002 by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

52
Q

Super PAC

A

Does not have donation limits, but cannot donate directly to a specific candidate.

53
Q

Unanimous consent decree

A

Agreement passed by the Senate that establishes the rules under which a bill will be debated, amended, and voted upon.

54
Q

Unwritten Constitution

A

Certain deeply ingrained aspects of our government that are not mentioned in the Constitution. I.e.: political parties, political conventions, cabinet meetings

55
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1964

A

Federal Law that increased government supervision of local election practices, suspended the use of literacy tests to prevent people from voting, and expanded government efforts to register voters.

56
Q

War on Poverty

A

Programs of LBJ’s Great Society that were specifically aimed at assisting the poor.

57
Q

Warren Court (1953-1969)

A

Era in Supreme Court under Earl Warren who is best remembered for expanding the rights of minorities and the rights of the accused.

58
Q

Writ of certiorari

A

Legal document issued by the Supreme Court to request the court transcripts of a case.

59
Q

Writ of habeas corpus

A

Court order requiring an explanation as to why a prisoner is being held in custody

60
Q

Federal Reserve Board

A

Executive agency largely responsible for monetary policy. Controls monetary supply.

Screwtape Letters Characters (6 decks)

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