Vocab Flashcards
Crimean War?
A war fought in East Europe on the Black Sea and on Crimea (Ukraine) between Russia and the Allies: Britain, France, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire.
Nominal Reason: over the control of the holy places in Palestine
Real Reason: Russia wanted to take advantage of the weakening Ottoman Empire
2nd French Republic?
The French Second Republic was the republican government of France between the 1848 Revolution and the 1851 coup by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte which initiated the Second Empire.
Second Empire?
The Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.
Louis Napoleon?
Emperor of the French (1852-1871). A nephew of Napoleon I, he led the Bonapartist opposition to Louis Philippe and became president of the Second Republic (1848). After proclaiming himself emperor (1852), he instituted reforms and rebuilt Paris. His successful imperialist ventures were overshadowed by a failed campaign in Mexico (1861-1867) and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), which resulted in his deposition.
Credit Mobilier?
A french bank that funded industrial and infrastructure growth.
Nationalism?
Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts
King Victor Emmanuel?
Was a member of the House of Savoy and King of Italy (29 July 1900 – 9 May 1946). In addition, he claimed the thrones of Ethiopia and Albania as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–41) and King of the Albanians (1939–43), which were unrecognised by the great powers. During his long reign (46 years), which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of Italy became involved in two World Wars. His reign also encompassed the birth, rise, and fall of Italian Fascism.
Cavour?
A leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. He was the founder of the original Liberal Party and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, a position he maintained (except for a six-month resignation) throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Garibaldi’s campaigns to unite Italy. After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as Italy’s first Prime Minister; he died after only three months in office, and thus did not live to see Venetia or Rome as part of the new Italian nation
Jules Ferry?
Established secular education and reforms
Emancipation Act?
A rapid, social change in modernization
Falloux Laws?
Returned control to the church
Syllabus of Errors?
Warning catholics against liberalism, rationalism, socialism, separation of church and state, and religious liberty.
Garibaldi?
Liberated the southern Italy in Sicily. Exemplified the Romantic nationalism of Mazzini.
Plombieres?
Cavour gained a promise from Napoleon III that France would support a Sardinian War with Austria for the creation of a northern Italian kingdom. (Controlled by Sardinia)
Zollverein?
German customs unions 1734.
Biggest source of tension between Prussia & Austria. The excluded Austria and Austria tried unsuccessfully to destroy it.
Bismarck?
Served as a chancellor and was the mastermind behind the government.
Austro-Prussian War?
Prussia, Italy, and some minor German states opposed Austria, Saxony, Hanover, and the states of southern Germany.
Franco-Prussian War?
The war of 1870-71 between France and Prussia culminating in the fall of the French Second Empire and the founding of the German empire
EMS Dispatch?
Bismarck’s way of provoking France in order to further unify Germany and annex Alsace and Lorraine.
Ausgleich?
the agreement (1867) that established the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Magyar?
Hungarians that were nullified as a primary opposition group.
Real Politick
The accomplish of one’s goals via practical means rather than having idealism drive political decisions.
Florence Nightingale?
British nurse who became a pioneer in modern nursing
Prussian-Danish War?
Germany and Austria defeated Denmark and took control of provinces of Schleswig and Holstein.
Treaty of Frankfurt?
Alsace and Lorraine ceded to Germany
Il Risorgimento?
A newspaper arguing Sardinia should be the foundation of a new unified Italy
Age of Mass Politics?
Ordinary people felt increasing loyalty to their government
Social Democratic Party?
Marxist and advocated sweeping social change.
They advocated sweeping social legislation, sought universal suffrage and genuine democracy, sought demilitarization.
Anarchy?
Spun off from the mainstream socialist movement, sought to destroy the centralized state.
Third French Republic?
Napoleon III’s second empire, it collapsed when it was defeated by Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War.
Paris Commune?
A radical communist government that laid siege to Paris
Emancipation Act?
Abolished serfdom: peasants no longer dependent on the lord; free to move and change occupations; could enter contracts and own property.
Rasputin?
A mystic monk who widespread doubts about Czars ability to lead
Dreyfus Affair?
Most serious threat to the republic
Benjamin Disraeli?
The Tory party was transformed to the conservative party under Benjamin Disraeli.
Secret Ballot?
A ballot is which votes are casted secretly
Russo-Japanese War?
War between Japan and Russia ending in a humiliating defeat of Russian fleet by Japan and bloody war on land resulted in Russia turning away from east Asia and focusing instead on the Balkans
Rep. of the People Act?
Women over 30 gained suffrage along with all men gaining suffrage (property koalifications completely eliminated)
Emmeline Pankhurst?
Was infuriated that Parliament would not give females the vote, even though women in Finland gained this right in 1906 and in Norway (1913)
Irish Home Rule?
Articulated a longstanding Irish desire for the repeal of the Act of Union of 1800 by a demand for self-government within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Eduard Bernstein?
Argued Marx’s predictions of ever-greater poverty for workers & ever-greater concentration of wealth in fewer hands had been proved false
Easter Rebellion?
Ireland gained independence in 1922; Northern Ireland remained part of Europe
Sick Man of Europe?
Receded in southeastern Europe a constant of crisis existed in the Balkans
Pan-Slavism?
Idea of uniting all Slavs in Europe under one gov’t (Russia)
Congress of Berlin 1878?
Russia gained little from the conference despite defeating the Turks in the war
Zemestovs?
Established in 1864: assemblies that administered local areas
Revisionism?
As workers gained the right to vote and to participate politically in the nation-state, their attention focused more on elections than on revolutions.
Ulster?
Opposed Irish Home Rules as they started to enjoy remarkable economic growth from the mid-1890s
Wilheim II?
Opposed Bismarck’s renewed efforts to outlaw the S.P.D
To gain the support of the workers, he forced Bismarck to resign
By 1912, the S.P.D. became the largest party in the Reichstag
Alexander II?
Most liberal ruler in Russian history prior to 20th century. Believed serfdom had retarded Russia’s modernization.
Socialist movements?
Largely a negative response to industrialism and nationalism
Sergie Witte?
Oversaw Russian industrialization in the 1890s and aggressively courted western capital & advanced technology to build great factories.
Zionism?
Advocated a Jewish homeland in the Holy Lang as a remedy to continued persecution of Jews in Eastern and Central Europe.
Keir Hardie?
Led the Independent Labor Party that rapidly became a vocal third party
Boulanger Crisis?
1) Georges Boulanger gained support of the military
2) Plotted a coup to overthrow the Republic
3) The republic summoned Boulanger to trial but he fled to Belgium and committed suicide
4) His fall resulted in increased public confidence in the Republic
