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Biology vocab > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Theory

A

Ideas that have been supported over time

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1
Q

Hypothesis

A

The proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations

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2
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Observed factor that may change in response to other variable (outcome)

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3
Q

Independent Variable

A

The factor that is purposely changed in an experiment.

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4
Q

Control Group

A

A group of subjects which receive the factor under study

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5
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit of an organism that is considered to be alive

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6
Q

Stimulus

A

Any physical or chemical input that is sensed

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process by which organisms keep their initial body conditions fairly constant to survive

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8
Q

Evolution

A

A change in a kind of organism over time

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9
Q

Atom

A

The basic unit of matter

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10
Q

Proton

A

The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

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11
Q

Neutron

A

The particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom

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12
Q

Electron

A

The negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of an atom.

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13
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that consists entirely of one atom

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14
Q

Molecule

A

A group of atom bonded together form the smallest fundamental unit of a pure substance

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same elements with different numbers of neutrons.

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16
Q

Chemical Bonding

A

An attraction between two or mor atoms resulting in the formation of different chemical substances.

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17
Q

Ion

A

A positively or negatively charged atom

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18
Q

Ionic bond

A

Formed when electrons are shared between atoms

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19
Q

Covalent bond

A

Forms when electrons are shared between atoms

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20
Q

Valence atoms

A

The electrons in the outer shell or energy level that are available for bonding

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21
Q

pH

A

The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

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22
Q

Acid

A

A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion (H+)

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23
Q

Base

A

A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion (OH-)

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24
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

The nuclear acid that contains that contains all genetic information for a cell

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25
Q

Double Helix

A

The shape of DNA that resembles a spiral staircase or a twisted ladder.

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26
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

The building block of living organisms that passes genetic information from one generation to the next.

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27
Q

Nucleotide

A

A monomer of nucleic acid; consisting of sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

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28
Q

Carbohydrate

A

The molecule that is the major source of energy for an organism.

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29
Q

Glucose

A

The monomer of carbohydrates (sugar)

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30
Q

Protein

A

The molecule needs by organisms for growth and repair

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31
Q

Amino Acid

A

The monomer of protein

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32
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that speeds up biological reactions

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33
Q

Metabolism

A

A set of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms to sustain life.

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34
Q

Lipid

A

The molecule that stores energy and is thiamin struct of cell membranes.

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35
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

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36
Q

Solvent

A

The substance in which the solution dissolves in a solution

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37
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A cell that contains a nucleus

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38
Q

Prokaryotic

A

A cell that does not contain a nucleus

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39
Q

Organelle

A

Sub-cellular structures (cell parts)

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40
Q

Ribosomes

A

A cell organelle that makes protein

41
Q

Mitochondria

A

A cell organelle that converts food into cell energy

42
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Cell structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

43
Q

Selectively Permeable

A

A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across, while others cannot

44
Q

Cell wall

A

Cell structure found outside the cell membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria that provides support and protection.

45
Q

Chloroplast

A

The organelle found in some organisms that carries out photosynthesis.

46
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The fluid portion of a cells interior

47
Q

Nucleus

A

The organelle that controls the cell by producing proteins and contains all genetic material.

48
Q

Vacuole

A

The organelle that is use to store materials

49
Q

Cellular Transport

A

The movement of materials into, out of, or within a cell

50
Q

Passive transport

A

Type of cell transport that does not require energy

51
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of particle move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

52
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

53
Q

Active transport

A

Type of cell transport that from require energy

54
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.

55
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which a cell divides into two identical nuclei.

56
Q

Mitosis

A

The process by which the nucleus is divided into two identical nuclei

57
Q

Genetics

A

The scientific study of heredity

58
Q

Genetic variation

A

The tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a population to differ from one another

59
Q

Gene

A

The chemical factor that determines a trait

60
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in DNA

61
Q

Alleles

A

The alternative forms of a gene.

62
Q

Homozygous

A

An organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait

63
Q

Heterozygous

A

An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait

64
Q

Punnett Square

A

A tool used to predict outcomes in genetics

65
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism based on alleles inherited.

66
Q

Phenotype

A

A physical characteristics of an organism

67
Q

Inheritance

A

The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring

68
Q

Trait

A

Any specific characteristics of an individual

69
Q

Recombination

A

The formation of a new and different sets of chromosomes or genes.

70
Q

Meiosis

A

The process that makes the sex cells by reducing the chromosome number in half

71
Q

Fertilization

A

The joining of male and female reproductive cells to produce a new organism.

72
Q

Gamete

A

The term for sex cell, egg, or sperm

73
Q

Biological evolution

A

The descent with modification of organisms from common ancestors.

74
Q

Natural selection

A

The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. (Survival of the fittest)

75
Q

Adaptations

A

The inherited traits that increases an organisms chance of survival

76
Q

Behavioral adaptations

A

The inherited traits that increased an organisms chance of survival

77
Q

Physiological adaptations

A

A type of adaptations that affects the function of an organism. (Blood clotting)

78
Q

Morphological adaptations

A

A type of adaptation that affects the structure of an organism (web feet)

79
Q

Fossil

A

The preserved remains of ancient organisms

80
Q

Fossil record

A

A collection of preserved organisms of their traces stored in Earth

81
Q

Radioactive dating

A

The method of calculating the absolute ages of rocks and minerals that contain radioactive isotopes.

82
Q

Biological diversity

A

The variety of organisms in the biosphere.

83
Q

Ecology

A

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

84
Q

Biosphere

A

The portion of the planet in which all life exist

85
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

86
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

87
Q

Community

A

Two or more different populations that live in a defined area

88
Q

Ecosystem

A

A collection of all organisms that live in a particular place, together with their non living environment

89
Q

Biome

A

A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant organisms

90
Q

Autotrophs

A

An organism that can make its own food internally

91
Q

Heterotroph

A

An organism that relies on hot organisms for energy and food supply

92
Q

Food chain

A

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten

93
Q

Food web

A

Links all the food chains in an ecosystem together

94
Q

Biochemical cycle

A

A cycle by which materials necessary for organisms are circulated between organisms and through the environment

95
Q

Environmental quality

A

The state of environmental conditions

96
Q

Transpiration

A

The evaporation of water from the leaves of plants

97
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

The conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia by bacteria living in the soil

98
Q

Symbiosis

A

Any relationship in which two species voice together

99
Q

Mutualism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit

100
Q

Commensalism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and causes it no harm

101
Q

Parasitism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it

Biology vocab (1 decks)

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