vocab Flashcards
What are biological molecules?
Biological molecules are in organisms that build structures and are used in metabolic reactions.
What are metabolic reactions?
Metabolic reactions are reactions that keep us alive by breaking down foods to go to muscle.
What is a protein?
A protein is a large molecule made up of many repeating amino acids, joined together by peptide bonds.
What is a polypeptide?
A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids.
What is anabolism?
Anabolism is the process where monomers bind together to create polymers, building complex molecules from simpler ones while storing energy.
What is ATP?
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
What is glucose?
Glucose is a small sugar molecule that can bind together to form cellulose, starch, and glycogen.
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being used up.
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst alters the rate of chemical reactions without being changed itself.
What is a substrate?
A substrate is the molecule that the enzyme reacts with (e.g., food sugar).
What is absorption?
Absorption is the movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood.
What is assimilation?
Assimilation is the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body, where they are used.
What is egestion?
Egestion is the passing of food that has not been digested or absorbed, as feces, through the anus.
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet includes each of the seven types of nutrients in the correct amounts and proportions.
What are vitamins?
Vitamins are small organic substances needed for normal cell function, growth, and development.
What is a species?
A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring.
What is classification?
Classification is the process of putting things into groups according to their similarities and differences.
What is a dichotomous key?
A dichotomous key is a way of identifying an organism by giving two descriptions at a time and asking you to choose between them.
What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is an organism that causes diseases (e.g., athlete’s foot).
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The active site is the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and undergoes a chemical reaction.
What is the alimentary canal?
The alimentary canal is the entire passage through which food passes, from the mouth to the anus.
What is amylase?
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose.
What are amino acids?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for growth and repair in the body.
What is balanced diet?
A balanced diet contains all the essential nutrients in appropriate proportions.
What is bile?
Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps break down fats.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are organic compounds that serve as a major energy source for the body.
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.
What is carbohydrate?
Carbohydrate is a macronutrient made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, providing energy.
What is cellulose?
Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls; it aids in digestion as dietary fiber.
What is chemical digestion?
Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food into simpler molecules using enzymes.
What is denaturation?
Denaturation is the irreversible change in the shape of an enzyme due to high temperature or extreme pH.
What is egestion?
Egestion is the removal of undigested food and waste materials from the body as feces.
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.
What are fatty acids?
Fatty acids are the building blocks of fats that provide energy and help in cell membrane formation.
What is glucose?
Glucose is a simple sugar that is a primary energy source for the body.
What is glycerol?
Glycerol is a component of lipids that, along with fatty acids, forms triglycerides.
What are arachnids?
Arachnids are a group of arthropods that includes spiders, scorpions, and ticks.
What is an amphibian?
An amphibian is a cold-blooded vertebrate that lives both in water and on land.
What is the animal kingdom?
The animal kingdom includes all animals, from simple sponges to complex mammals.
What is anatomy?
Anatomy is the study of the structure of living organisms.
What are arthropods?
Arthropods are invertebrates with exoskeletons, segmented bodies, and jointed legs.
What are birds?
Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates with feathers and the ability to lay eggs.
What is the binomial system?
The binomial system is the scientific naming system for organisms using two Latin names.
What is classification?
Classification is the process of sorting living organisms into groups based on similarities.
What are crustaceans?
Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimp.
What is a dichotomous key?
A dichotomous key is a tool used to identify organisms by answering a series of questions.
What are dicotyledons?
Dicotyledons are flowering plants with two seed leaves.
What are fish?
Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water and breathe with gills.
What are fungi?
Fungi are a kingdom of organisms that decompose organic material.
What are insects?
Insects are a class of arthropods with three body parts and six legs.
What is a kingdom?
A kingdom is the highest classification level in biology.
What are mammals?
Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates that produce milk for their young.
What is morphology?
Morphology is the study of the form and structure of organisms.
What are monocotyledons?
Monocotyledons are flowering plants with one seed leaf.
What are myriapods?
Myriapods are arthropods with many legs, including centipedes and millipedes.
What is a prokaryote?
A prokaryote is a simple, single-celled organism without a nucleus.
What is protista?
Protista is a kingdom of mostly single-celled organisms that are not animals, plants, or fungi.
What are reptiles?
Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates with dry, scaly skin.
What is a species?
A species is the basic unit of classification; a group of organisms that can breed.
What are vertebrates?
Vertebrates are animals with a backbone.
What is glycogen?
Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals and humans.
What is ingestion?
Ingestion is the process of taking in food or drink through the mouth.
What is kwashiorkor?
Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease characterized by swelling and stunted growth.
What is lipase?
Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids.
What are lipids?
Lipids are macronutrients important for energy storage and insulation.
What is marasmus?
Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition caused by a deficiency in calories and protein.
What is mechanical digestion?
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis is the wave-like contractions of muscles in the alimentary canal.
What is pepsin?
Pepsin is a digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins.
What is protease?
Protease is a term for enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids.
What is protein?
Protein is a macronutrient made up of amino acids, essential for growth and repair.
What is rickets?
Rickets is a disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to weak bones.
What is starch?
Starch is a complex carbohydrate found in plants, broken down into sugars.
What does specific refer to in enzymes?
Specific refers to the property of enzymes where each enzyme only acts on a particular substrate.
What is a substrate?
A substrate is the molecule upon which an enzyme acts during a biochemical reaction.
What are villi?
Villi are small finger-like projections lining the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.
What is a cotyledon?
A cotyledon is the embryonic leaf within the seed of a plant, storing food for future growth.
