vocab Flashcards
what are added notes
notes that are added to a basic triad such as a seventh or a ninth
what is an added sixth chord
a common chord in jazz and pop music, a triad with the sixth added above the tonic
what is affection
the prevailing mood in a baroque movement
what is an alberti bass
a figuration commonly used in the classical period, made up of broken chords used as an accompaniment.
what are altered notes
notes that have been sharpened or flattened
what is an answer
in a fugue, the subject repeated in response to its initial appearance, usually in a fourth or fifth lower or higher than its preceding subject. If it is an exact transposition of the subject it is a real answer, if not it is a tonal answer
what is an anthem (anthemic)
a song with a strong, memorable melody which has rousing or uplifting characteristics
what does antiphonal mean
music performed alternately by two groups which are often physically separated
what is an appoggiatura
an ornament that leans on the main note, commonly taking half its value and starting a semitone or tone higher
what is articulation
the manner in which a note or sequence is played
what does atonal mean
music that doesn’t have a key
what is underscoring
non-diegetic music that adds to the mood of the scene, reinforcing dramatic developments and aspects of character
what is a bare fifth
a chord lacking the third( and are therefore ambiguous in terms of major/minor tonality)
what is a basso continuo
a continuous bass part provided for harpsichord and stringed instruments such as bass viol/ lute- the players add chords and melody
what is binary form
a structure of two sections, A and B. In the A section the music modulates from the tonic to the dominant key. Ins the B section, the music starts in the dominant and explores other keys, before returning to the tonic at the end of the section
what does bitonal mean
refers to music in two keys at the same time
what are block triads
triads in root position, built up in thirds
what is a breakdown
when many of the parts drop out of the musical texture for a short period of time
what is a bridge passage
a linking passage often used to change the key of the music in preparation for the second subject
what is a broken chord
when the notes of a chord are played one by one
what is a build
it refers to the introduction of more instruments
what does cadential mean
a progression of chords forming a cadence
what does canon mean
when parts copy each other in exact intervals, often at the fifth or octave, but at different beats of the bar
what is a cantata
an extended piece in several movements. comprising chords, recitative, chorale and aria with an orchestral accompaniment
what is chord voicing
how the notes in a chord have been spaced out, and the order in which they occur
when was the classical era
1750-1820
what is a codetta
a short coda concluding a single section within a movement
what does colla voce
(literally with voice) the instruction to follow the tempo of the vocalist
what is a compound interval
an interval extending over more than an octave
what is a concertino
the smaller group of soloists in a concerto grosso
what does conjunct mean
movement by step
what does contrapuntal mean
when two melodies are played against each other and interweave
what does counterpoint mean
the simultaneous combination of two or more melodies with independent rhythms
what is the countersubject
the melody played after the subject or the answer has been sounded
what does da capo aria mean
ABA or ternary form
what is a dance suite
from baroque music, the suite comprised a series of dance movements.
what are the four main movements called in a dance suite
the allemande, courante, sarabande and gigue
what are some optional movements in a dance suite
the air bouree, gavotte, minuet and prelude
what is decay
how the notes die away after being sounded
what is dialoguing
instruments literally ‘in dialogue’, playing one after the other and swapping ideas
what is diegetic music
music in a film that the characters in the film can hear e.g. music in a bar
what does disjunct mean
movement by leap
what is distortion
an effect that increases the volume and sustain on an electric guitar as well as making the timbre more gritty or smooth depending on the setting
what is dominant preparation
a passage focused on the dominant chord to create expectation for a return to the tonic
what is a drone
a continuously held or repeated note, usually low in pitch
what is an enharmonic
two identically sounding pitches with different names
what is a fanfare
a celebratory piece for brass instruments( and sometimes percussion) often marking the opening of an important event or ceremony
what are the features of a fanfare
the music is short and loud, and often features broken chords and arpeggios
what is a fugue
a musical form comprising an exposition, middle section and final section
what is a fugal exposition
the initial statements of the subject and answer
what is a gavotte
a medium paced french dance in 4/4 time beginning on the third beat of the bar. Popular in the 18th century
what does heterophonic mean
two or more instruments playing the same melody at the same time, each embellishing it in a slightly different way
what does homophonic mean
a texture comprising a melody part and an accompaniment
what is a lament
a song with a sorrowful mood, often slow and in a minor key
what is metrical shifting
when the downbeat is shifted to another beat of the bar
what does monophonic mean
the musical texture in which there is a single line which can be sung or played by several people
what is a neapolitan chord
a chord built on the flattened supertonic note
what is an obligato
an essential melody part that must be played
what does onomatopoeic mean
when the music sounds like the word
what is a polytonal chord
a chord that has been built from two or more keys simultaneously
what is the ripieno
the larger group in a concerto grosso
when was the romantic era
1810- 1900
what is sonata form
a large scale comprising of three sections: exposition, development and recapulation
what is a static harmony
when the harmony remains on a single chord for a prolonged period of time
what are features of stile italiano
double dotted notes, dramatic recitatives, da capo arias
what does stretto mean
entries of the subject occur closer together than before, heightening the tension of the music
what is a tierce de picardie
in a minor piece, the final chord is a tonic major chord instead of a minor chord
what is the transition
a section used to take the music from one key to another by modulation
what is a trio sonata
a piece for baroque ensemble comprising of two violins, cello and harpsichord
