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Social 9 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

accord

A

a formal agreement

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2
Q

accountable

A

answerable to someone for your actions; observable, transparent

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3
Q

affirm

A

to validate and express commitment to something

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4
Q

Anglophone

A

a person whose first language is English

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5
Q

annuity

A

an annual payment

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6
Q

assimilate

A

become part of a different cultural group

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7
Q

assimilation

A

the process of becoming part of a different cultural group (not your own)

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8
Q

autonomy

A

authority to make decisions

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9
Q

bias

A

an opinion based on unchallenged assumptions

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10
Q

biodiversity

A

the number and variety of plant and animal species on Earth, including genetic variation within individual species

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11
Q

black market

A

another term for underground economy

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12
Q

boycott

A

a decision by consumers to stop buying a product or service as a way to bring about change

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13
Q

civil servants

A

the people who serve Canadians as employees of the government

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14
Q

climate change

A

a rise in the average temperature of Earth, primarily caused by emissions from burning fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas

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15
Q

collective bargaining

A

negotiating as a group. Collective bargaining is the key right established by unions for workers.

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16
Q

collective identity

A

the shared identity of a group of people, especially because of a common language and culture

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17
Q

collective rights

A

rights guaranteed to specific groups in Canadian society for historical and constitutional reasons. These groups are: Aboriginal peoples, including First Nations, Métis and Inuit; and Francophones and Anglophones

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18
Q

colonialism

A

the process of establishing colonies, in which a region is claimed and governed by a country from another part of the world

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19
Q

community service

A

help in the community performed as part of a sentence, such as assisting with a community clean-up or food bank

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20
Q

competition

A

in economics, rivalry among producers to sell products to consumers

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21
Q

constituent

A

someone who lives in a riding and is represented by an elected official from that riding

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22
Q

constitution

A

a special set of laws that establish a framework of governance

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23
Q

consumerism

A

an economic theory that links prosperity to consumer demand for goods and services, and that makes consumer behavior central to economic decision making

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24
Q

consumers

A

those who use products and services

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25
Q

criminal record

A

a permanent record of breaking the law, which is public information. A criminal record can bar you from some jobs, volunteer positions and travel to other countries.

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26
Q

criteria

A

standards for evaluating something

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27
Q

demand

A

the wants and needs of consumers for products and services

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28
Q

demographic

A

to do with the characteristics of populations

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29
Q

economic system

A

how a society organizes the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services

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30
Q

conservative

A

averse to change and innovation and holding traditional values

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31
Q

defense

A

The defense includes the evidence that supports the innocence of a person accused of a crime. In a courtroom, the lawyer who represents an accused person presents the defense. The defense can include witnesses, and physical evidence such as DNA samples and objects.

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32
Q

advocacy

A

public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy

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33
Q

Democratic Rights

A

The right to vote, etc. in the Canadian charter of rights and freedoms

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34
Q

cooperation

A

the process of working together to the same end

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35
Q

Canadian economy

A

The mixed economy of Canada

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36
Q

Canada health act

A

The Canada Health Act is a federal law that sets out five principles
for health care in Canada. The act says that, in every province and
territory, health care must be:
* Publicly administered: run by government for no profit.
* Comprehensive: for care provided by hospitals, physicians
and surgeons.
* Universal: available to everyone.
* Portable: available everywhere in Canada, no matter where
you make your home in Canada.
* Accessible: available within reasonable time and distance.

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37
Q

economics

A

the study of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services

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38
Q

economy

A

the resources and processes involved in the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services

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39
Q

entrenching

A

fixing firmly within

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40
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the belief that one’s culture is superior to all other cultures

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41
Q

executive branch

A

the part of government responsible for putting laws into action

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42
Q

fair and equitable

A

governed by rules that apply to everyone, taking into account individual needs and circumstances

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43
Q

first nations

A

the umbrella name for the diverse Aboriginal peoples who have collective rights that are recognized and protected in Canada’s constitution. The constitution refers to First Nations as “Indians,” in keeping with the name used at the time of negotiating Treaties.

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44
Q

Francophone

A

a person whose first language is French

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45
Q

GDP per capita

A

a measure of how well-off the people of a country are calculated by how much money the average person makes

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46
Q

Goods and Services Tax (GST)

A

a federal sales tax in Canada

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47
Q

govern

A

to make decisions as a government and put decisions into action

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48
Q

governance

A

the process of governing

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49
Q

government

A

the body with the power to make decisions for a society

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50
Q

Health insurance

A

an agreement by a company to pay for your health services, in exchange for a fee that you pay each month or each year

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51
Q

immigration

A

the process of people establishing homes, and often citizenship, in a country that is not their native country

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52
Q

income tax

A

tax based on a percentage of a person’s income

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53
Q

Indian Act

A

federal legislation related to the rights and status of First Nations peoples (“status Indians”), first passed in 1876 and amended several times

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54
Q

Indian

A

Europeans used the word Indian to describe the First Nations of North America, although these peoples were diverse and had names for themselves. Many First Nations prefer not to use the word Indian to describe themselves.

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55
Q

inherent rights

A

rights with origins in fundamental justice

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56
Q

issue

A

a topic that connects to citizenship, identity and quality of life, and on which well-informed people have different views and perspectives

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57
Q

Judicial branch

A

the part of government that interprets and applies the law by making legal judgments

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58
Q

justice system

A

the institutions and procedures for applying laws in a society

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59
Q

justice

A

applying laws

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60
Q

labor force growth

A

the growth of the “labor force,” or the number of people who can work

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61
Q

labor union

A

an organization of workers that acts to protect workers’ rights and interests

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62
Q

legislation

A

laws created through the legislative process

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63
Q

legislative branch

A

the part of government that makes laws

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64
Q

lever

A

in the context of society, a means of accomplishing something; a way to apply pressure

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65
Q

jury

A

the group of 12 random people that may be called upon to administer justice for serious crimes, and is treated as a civic duty

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66
Q

Elizabeth Fry society

A

An advocacy group that works in the justice system independently of the government for women and girls only

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67
Q

John Howard society

A

An advocacy group that works in the justice system independently of the government for all people

68
Q

elder

A

An elderly person in indigenous society that can help administer justice

69
Q

Legal rights

A

A part of the charter of rights and freedoms that concerns the rights people have who enter the justice system

70
Q

Historical context

A

how events are shaped by the actions of people in the past

71
Q

Internment

A

the state of being confined as a prisoner, especially for political or military reasons

72
Q

Legacy

A

the long-lasting impact of particular events, actions, etc. that took place in the past, or of a person’s life.

73
Q

Law vs Policy

A

A law describes principles or conditions that must be followed. A
policy describes objectives of the government, within the law.

74
Q

Haultain Resolution

A

The Haultain Resolution was proposed by the premier of the
northwest territories, Frederick Haultain, and passed by the territory assembly.
It called for the proceedings of the assembly to be English only.

75
Q

Family Class immigrants

A

Immigrants moving to be with family

76
Q

Factors for economic immigrants

A

age, work experience, education, etc etc etc

77
Q

Health factor

A

Every potential economic immigrant to Canada must provide
proof that they are in good health. A person may be refused entry
to Canada if:
* Their health could put the health of Canadians at risk — for
example, they have tuberculosis.
* They have a condition that could endanger public safety —
for example, a mental disorder.
* Their health could put an “excessive demand” on Canada’s
health services — for example, HIV/AIDS.

78
Q

Individualism

A

Some people believe that what’s best for each person individually adds up to what’s best for society. This worldview values individual creativity and independence.

79
Q

Equilibrium

A

Where supply and demand meet each other

80
Q

Bandwagon effect

A

Encourages you to buy a product or service because everyone else is

81
Q

Emotional appeal

A

Uses strong emotional language that connects with your fears and desires.

82
Q

Glittering generalities

A

Relates the product or service to words or images that promise
everything, but deliver little or nothing.

83
Q

Environmental issues

A

see image 1

84
Q

Kyoto Protocol

A

A worldwide climate change plan

85
Q

GHG emissions

A

greenhouse gas emissions

86
Q

Ecowarrior

A

An environmentalist

87
Q

median

A

a concept in statistics that means the middle number in a set of data organized in order of least to most

88
Q

minorities

A

groups in society who do not form the majority of the population

89
Q

official language community

A

one of the groups in Canadian society whose members speak an official language of Canada — French or English — as their first language

90
Q

opinion

A

personal reaction to an issue

91
Q

patriate

A

to bring to a country something that belongs to the country

92
Q

perspective

A

values and ideas shared by people with a common language, culture and history

93
Q

point of view

A

opinions and preferences of an individual based on personal experiences

94
Q

political system

A

the structure of government

95
Q

popular vote

A

the total votes cast in an election, as different from the total seats won in an election

96
Q

private health care

A

health care paid for by individuals

97
Q

privately owned

A

in economics, the part of the economy owned and controlled by businesses and individuals

98
Q

producers

A

those who create products and services

99
Q

profit

A

money made from a product or service above and beyond the cost of providing the product or service

100
Q

public good

A

what’s best for society as a whole

101
Q

public health care

A

health care paid for by taxes

102
Q

publicly funded

A

paid for by taxes and provided by government

103
Q

publicly owned

A

in economics, the part of the economy owned and controlled by government and paid for by taxes

104
Q

quality of life

A

a measure of personal and collective well-being

105
Q

refugee

A

a person who seeks refuge in another country because of danger or persecution in their home country

106
Q

rehabilitate

A

to instill positive behaviors and attitudes

107
Q

reintegrate

A

to make part of again

108
Q

reserve

A

land for the exclusive use of First Nations

109
Q

rights

A

what individuals and groups are allowed to do in society, as established in law

110
Q

sales tax

A

tax paid at the time of buying a product or service, and based on a percentage of the price of the product or service

111
Q

scarcity

A

in economics, the idea that land (materials), labor and capital (money) limit the supply of what people want and need. Created by:
Land:
Land consists of all the materials found in the natural environment needed to produce goods and services, such as renewable resources (e.g., trees, raspberries) and non-renewable resources (e.g., oil, gold). Think critically: What impacts might this decision about using the land have on the land?
Labor:
Labor consists of the physical and mental effort needed to produce goods and services (e.g., agricultural workers to produce foods, servers to staff restaurants). In this photo, construction workers are building a house. If they find other jobs, or if there aren’t many qualified construction workers available, fewer houses will get built. Think critically: How do choices concerning jobs affect the workforce?
Capital:
Consists of the money that people own or borrow, used to purchase equipment, tools and other resources to produce goods and services.

112
Q

scrip

A

in Métis history, a document that could be exchanged for land and that was offered the Métis at the time the Numbered Treaties were negotiated

113
Q

sentence

A

a consequence for a crime, such as imprisonment, determined by a court of law

114
Q

shift left

A

a shift on the economic continuum towards more government involvement in the economy. A shift left is usually described as taking a more liberal position.

115
Q

monarch

A

a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor.

116
Q

senate

A

the upper house appointed by the Prime Minister that represents minorities in the legislative branch. They normally only amend bills and don’t usually propose or discard them

117
Q

royal assent

A

the last step of passing a bill where the governor general signs it

118
Q

lobbyist

A

someone hired to influence members of parliament, especially from a particular economic sector, and is often a professional in their field

119
Q

prosecutor

A

A lawyer who uses evidence to show that someone has broken the law.

120
Q

Sequester

A

To sequester means to remove from contact. Juries are sequestered to ensure they consider only the evidence presented in the courtroom.

121
Q

Mobility rights

A

The section of the charter of rights and freedoms that outlines the rights for travel within and between Canada

122
Q

Residential schools

A

A school to forcefully assimilate and teach indigenous children

123
Q

Primary source

A

Primary sources are created by people who actually saw or participated in an event and recorded their reactions to that event immediately after the event occurred.

124
Q

secondary source

A

Secondary sources are created by someone not present at the event, or are interpretations of events that already occurred.

125
Q

official language minority

A

a group that speaks one of Canada’s official languages (English or French) and that does not make up the majority population of a province or territory

126
Q

official billigualism

A

New Brunswick having both English and French as its official languages

127
Q

Manitoba schools act

A
  • Abolished public funding for Catholic schools.
  • Made Manitoba an officially English-only province.
128
Q

Northwest territories ordinance number 22

A

Ordinance Number 22 required English as the language of
instruction in all schools.

129
Q

Metis

A

a person of mixed indigenous and Euro-American ancestry, in particular one of a group of such people who in the 19th century constituted the so-called Métis nation in the areas around the Red and Saskatchewan rivers.

130
Q

points system

A

A system for determining which immigrants are let into Canada through a series of questions

131
Q

immigration and refugee protection act

A

The most recent of many laws that determine who comes to Canada, whose purpose is to:
* Pursue social, cultural and economic benefits for all
Canadians.
* Respect the bilingual and multicultural character of Canada.
* Support the development of minority official language
communities in Canada.
* Share the benefits of immigration and support a prosperous
economy across all regions of Canada.
* Reunite families in Canada.
* Promote the successful integration of immigrants into
Canadian society, recognizing that integration involves
mutual obligations for new immigrants and Canadian
society.

132
Q

The “Other” class (immigration)

A

People accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate reasons.

133
Q

Languages of immigrants

A

Most speak English, and first languages include Chinese, Punjabi, Spanish and Arabic

134
Q

Provincial Nomination program

A

Under the Provincial Nomination Program, provinces can
“nominate” a percentage of the immigrants Canada selects each
year. This means, for example, that Alberta can specify that it
needs immigrants with particular skills. However, the government does this by “strongly suggesting” a province

135
Q

Quebec accord

A

An accord with Quebec and Canada that allows Quebec to sent families to French schools and nominate A LOT of French-speaking immigrants

136
Q

Planned Economy

A

At this end of the spectrum, government makes all the decisions about how to solve scarcity. It owns and manages the resources needed to produce things. It plans what will be produced and decides how to use limited resources.
Characteristics:
* Resources are publicly owned.
* Government makes decisions on how to use resources.
* Individual consumers have little influence on economic decision making.

137
Q

Mixed economy

A

A mixed economy combines private ownership and government control. For example, private businesses own some resources and the government owns others. In mixed economies, the level of government involvement fluctuates depending what political party is in power.
Characteristics:
* Some resources are publicly owned and some are privately owned.
* Individuals and government both make decisions about what to produce.
* Individual consumers and government influence economic decision making.

138
Q

Market Economy

A

At this end of the spectrum, the choices of individuals solve scarcity. Private businesses own and manage resources. They sell their products to consumers, who make their own decisions about what to buy. Businesses succeed if they produce what consumers want. Otherwise, they fail. The government does not get involved.
Characteristics:
* Resources are privately owned.
* Individuals make decisions on how to use resources.
* Individual consumers drive economic decision making by choosing what to buy.

139
Q

Law of supply and demand

A

Where when demand goes down, supply goes up, when supply goes up, price goes down and when price goes down, demand goes up

140
Q

Plain folks appeal

A

Relates a product or service to the experience of ordinary folks.

141
Q

Scientific appeal

A

Uses statistics or scientific data to persuade consumers to buy a product or service.

142
Q

Political platform

A

A political platform describes the official policies of a political party. It reflects a variety of issues, including those linked to social programs and taxation models.

143
Q

Regions and impacts

A

the uneven distribution geographically of climate change’s impact on a society

144
Q

Regions and emissions

A

the uneven distribution geographically society’s impact on climate change

145
Q

shift right

A

a shift on the economic continuum towards less government involvement in the economy. A shift right is usually described as taking a more conservative position

146
Q

slogan

A

a phrase repeatedly used by politicians or marketers to present an idea

147
Q

social program

A

services provided by government to reduce economic inequalities and promote the wellbeing of citizens

148
Q

society

A

a social system where a group of people share a common geographic region, sense of common identity and culture, and who participate in shared political and economic institutions for a communal purpose or interest

149
Q

sovereignty

A

independence as a people, with a right to self-government

150
Q

strike

A

a cessation of work by workers. Strikes pressure employers to respond to issues that concern workers.

151
Q

supply

A

the products and services created by producers

152
Q

tax base

A

all the economic activity in a society, which government taxes to pay for services

153
Q

tax evasion

A

misrepresenting what you earn to avoid paying taxes

154
Q

taxation model

A

government policies about taxation, such as what to tax (e.g., incomes, purchases), how much to tax, and how to spend taxes

155
Q

unbiased

A

without preconceived ideas

156
Q

underground economy

A

economic activity based on buying and selling products and services illegally

157
Q

unemployment rate

A

the percentage of the workforce that does not have jobs

158
Q

validity

A

reliability, based on a critical assessment of source, facts and bias

159
Q

YCJA

A

The law that:
* Deals with 12- to 17- year olds in trouble with the law.
* Allows some young offenders to face consequences such as counselling and community service.
* Prohibits adult sentences for youths 12 to 14 years of age. Allows adult sentences for young people 14 years of age and older who have committed serious crimes.
* Protects the privacy of young offenders. News media may not publish their names unless they receive an adult sentence.
* Allows most young offenders to avoid a criminal record.
Purpose:
(i) prevent crime by addressing the circumstances underlying a young person’s offending behavior,
(ii) rehabilitate young persons whom commit offences and reintegrate them into society, and
(iii) ensure that a young person is subject to meaningful consequences for his or her offence in order to promote the long-term protection of society.
(iv) the criminal justice system for young persons must be separate from that of adults and [recognize]… their reduced level of maturity

160
Q

Numbered treaties

A

The Numbered Treaties are historic agreements that affect the rights and identity of some First Nations in Canada. In exchange for sharing land, the First Nations obtained free healthcare, education, hunting rights, reserves, farming assistance, and annuities

161
Q

workforce

A

the population able to work

162
Q

Singh decision

A
  • Satnam Singh came to Canada from India seeking refugee status.
    Canada’s government rejected his case under the Immigration Act,
    1976.
  • The Immigration Act, 1976, did not allow
    Mr. Singh to state his case in person or to appeal
    the government’s decision on his case.
  • The Supreme Court said this violated section 7 of
    the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which says:
    Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of
    the person, and the right not to be deprived thereof
    except in accordance with the principles of
    fundamental justice.
  • The Supreme Court said everyone in the Charter
    means everyone — every person physically
    present in Canada.
    The Result
  • People claiming refugee status in Canada have the right to a hearing,
    which they attend in person.
  • Canada established the Immigration and Refugee Board to provide
    quick and fair hearings.
  • Canada’s government provides people seeking refugee status with the
    necessities of life while they wait for a hearing.
163
Q

US economy

A

The market economy of the USA

164
Q

Testimonials

A

Uses celebrities or experts to speak for a product.

165
Q

value

A

what you care about

166
Q

worldview

A

a particular philosophy of life or conception of the world. Worldviews change

167
Q

THE END

A

THE END

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