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CMA > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

actioin

A

a drug’s chemical effects on body cells

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2
Q

administration

A

how a drug is given

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3
Q

adverse reastion

A

an unintended and undesirable effect of a drug

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4
Q

brand name

A

licensed name under which a drug prepared by a specific manufacturer is sold, also know as proprietary or trade name

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5
Q

chemical name

A

name that describes the chemical structure of a compound

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6
Q

contraceptives

A

drugs used to control fertility and prevent pregnancy

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7
Q

contraindications

A

conditions in which the use of a certain drug is dangerous or ill-advised

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8
Q

controlled substances

A

potentially dangerous or habit-forming drugs whose sale and use are strictly regulated by law

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9
Q

Controlled Substance Act of 1990

A

law that regulates manufacturing and distribution of controlled substances, also know as Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act

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10
Q

diagnostic drugs

A

drugs used to diagnose disease

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11
Q

drug

A

chemical substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure of prevention of a disease, also known as medication

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12
Q

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

A

since 1973, the only legal U.S. drug enforcement agency

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13
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

enforcement agency for the FDCA

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14
Q

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) of 1938

A

law that mandates that drug manufacturers test all drugs for potentially harmful effects and that drug labels must be complete

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15
Q

generic name

A

official non proprietary name assigned to a drug by the manufacturer, with the approval of the US adopted Names Council

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16
Q

health maintenance

A

process of developing a healthy lifestyle, keeping existing diseases under control, and getting regular checkups

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17
Q

indications

A

diseases and disorders for which a certain drug may be used

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18
Q

legend drugs

A

prescription drugs

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19
Q

nonproprietary name

A

generic name of a drug

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20
Q

official name

A

generally, the same as the generic name of a drug; name of a drug as it appears in the official reference, the United Sates pharmacopoeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)

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21
Q

over the counter (OTC) drug

A

drugs available without a prescription

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22
Q

package insert

A

printed info about a pharmaceutical product

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23
Q

palliative drug

A

drugs used to improve quality of life but not to cure of treat a condition

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24
Q

pathology

A

study of the disease process, including changes in structure and function of the body

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25
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of the body’s response to a drug

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26
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs

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27
Q

pharmacology

A

study of drugs

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28
Q

Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)

A

a widely used drug reference book that gives information about the drug products of major pharmaceutical companies

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29
Q

physiology

A

the science that deals with the functions of cells, tissues, and organs of living organisms

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30
Q

precautions

A

warnings to use care when giving drugs under certain conditions

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31
Q

prescription drugs

A

drugs that can be dispensed only with a physician’s’s order of the order of another designated healthcare provider such as a nurse practitioner or physician’s assistant

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32
Q

proprietary name

A

brand name of a drug

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33
Q

psychology

A

study of the normal and abnormal processes of the mind

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34
Q

side effects

A

desirable or undesirable effects of a drug apart from the primary purpose of giving the drug

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35
Q

standards

A

rules ensuring uniform quality, strength, and quality

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36
Q

synthetic drugs

A

drugs created in the laboratory from various chemicals

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37
Q

therapeutic effect

A

desired of predicted physiological response caused by a drug

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38
Q

United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council

A

organization that adopts the generic name of a drug

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39
Q

United States Pharmacopeia Despensing Information (USPDI)

A

official reference for pharmacists or persons administering medications

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40
Q

United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)

A

official book standardized drugs

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41
Q

absorption

A

passage of a substance into the bloodstream from the site of adminstration

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42
Q

action

A

a drug’s chemical effects on body cells

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43
Q

adverse reaction

A

an unintended and undesirable effect of a drug

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44
Q

antagonism

A

the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or cancel each other’s effect

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45
Q

antibody

A

a substance produced in the body that helps the body fight of foreign invaders like microorganisms and antigens

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46
Q

biotransformation

A

normal body process by which substances are chemically broken down into water-soluble form that the body can excrete; part of the cell’s work of burning fuel for growth and energy; metabolism

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47
Q

capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels with very thing wall that let certain substances pass straight through them

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48
Q

cumulative effect

A

increased effect of a drug that is not completely metabolized or excreted before another dose is administered

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49
Q

dependence

A

a compulsion to continue taking a drug; can be physical and/or psychological

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50
Q

detoxify

A

eliminate substances that are toxic or poisonous to the body

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51
Q

distribution

A

transport of drugs to body cells and spaces between cells

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52
Q

drug abuse

A

taking drugs for their mood-altering effects or taking too many drugs or too much of a drug

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53
Q

drug misuse

A

overuse or careless use of any drug

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54
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing

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55
Q

effect

A

a physical or psychological change in a patient brought about by a drug

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56
Q

enzyme

A

a chemical that speeds up biotranformation

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57
Q

excretion

A

the removal of waste substances from the body

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58
Q

histamine

A

substance released from injured cells during an allergic reaction; responsible for allergic symptoms

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59
Q

idiosyncrsy

A

a peculiar, unusual individual response to a drug

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60
Q

metabolism

A

the rate at which cells produce energy such as heat and muscle strength

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61
Q

overdose

A

drug does that is too large for a person’s age, size, or physical condition

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62
Q

placebo

A

an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect

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63
Q

reservior

A

a tissue in which drugs tend to collect; different drugs tend to collect in different tissues

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64
Q

synergism

A

drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination is greater than the effect of each drug given seperatley

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65
Q

tolerance

A

need for increased dose of a drug to produce the same physical and/or psychological effect

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66
Q

toxicity

A

poisonous effect of prolonged exposure to high doses or too-frequent administration of a drug

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67
Q

withdrawal symptoms

A

set of physical reactions that occur when a person stops taking a drug on which he or she is physically dependent

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68
Q

apothecary system

A

system of measurements in which the basic unit of volume is the minim and the base unit of weight is the grain

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69
Q

body surface area

A

a very reliable method of calculation doses of medication for infants and children up to the age of 12, using the child’s weight, height, and a nomogram, generally used only in critical care and oncology enviroments

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70
Q

celsius

A

temperature scale in which there is a 100 degree difference between the freezing and boiling points of water

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71
Q

convert

A

to change from one unit of measurement to another

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72
Q

denominator

A

bottom of a fraction

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73
Q

dosage range

A

the different amounts of a drug that will produce therapeutic effects but not serious side effects or toxicity

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74
Q

Fahrenheit

A

temperature scale in which 32 degrees is the freezing point of water and 212 degrees is the boiling point of water

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75
Q

faction

A

the way of expressing an amount that is part of a whole

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76
Q

grain

A

basic unit of weight in the apothecary system

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77
Q

gram

A

basic unit of weight in the apothecary system

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78
Q

household system

A

system of measurement in which the basic unit of fluid volume is the fluid ounce and the basic unit of weight is the ounce

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79
Q

kilogram

A

2.2 pounds

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80
Q

liter

A

basic unit of volume in the metric system

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81
Q

meter

A

basic unit of length in the metric system

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82
Q

metric system

A

a decimal system of measurement in which the basic unit of length is the meter, the basic until of volume is the liter, and the basic unit of weight is the gram

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83
Q

milliter

A

one-thousandth of a liter, same as a cubic centimeter

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84
Q

millimeter

A

one-thousandth of a meter

85
Q

minim

A

basic unit of volume in the apothecary system

86
Q

nomogram

A

a graphic device showing the relationship between numerical values designed for healthcare providers in pediatrics to estimate the body surface area of a child according to height and weight

87
Q

pound

A

.454 kilogram

88
Q

scored

A

the surface of a tablet is bisected by a grove to make for breakage into halves

89
Q

active ingrediants

A

the ingredient in a drug that produces the therapeutic effect

90
Q

ampule

A

small, sealed glass container holding medication for injection

91
Q

automated medication dispensing system

A

system used to provide access to medications that is configured to meet the needs of a specific facility, such as a patient care unit in a hospital, long-term care facility, surgery center, or physician’s office, 24 hours a day, the most common is pyxis

92
Q

charting

A

keeping records of all patient care on appropriate forms

93
Q

computerized order

A

order transmitted via computer

94
Q

concentration

A

amount of a drug in a certain amount of liquid

95
Q

enteric-coated

A

coated with a substance that dissolves in the intestine but not in the stomach

96
Q

facsimile order

A

order transmitted through a facsimile machine

97
Q

incident report

A

form used for giving information about drug error, patient injury, or accident

98
Q

infusion

A

placement of a tube into a vein for the purpose of slowly adding fluids to the body

99
Q

inhalation

A

administration of drugs by way of droplets or mist that the patient breathes in

100
Q

insertion

A

placement of an object into a body cavity

101
Q

instillation

A

placement of drops of liquid into the eyes, ears, nose, or some other body cavity

102
Q

irrigation

A

rinsing a body cavity with water or other solution

103
Q

medication administration record

A

for documenting drugs that are administrated to a particular patient every day, each dose is checked off after it is given

104
Q

nurses’ notes

A

form for charting observations, stat and PRN medications, and special treatment given

105
Q

outpatient

A

patient who is not hospitalized, a walk in

106
Q

patient chart

A

permanent record of care recieved

107
Q

patient history sheet

A

form describing the development of a patient’s symptoms and the course of the disease

108
Q

pharmacy requisition form

A

form on which to order supplies and medications from the pharmacy

109
Q

physician’s order s heet

A

form for writing medication orders, located in the patient chart

110
Q

PIE

A

problem intervention evaluation method of charting

111
Q

POMR

A

problem oriented medical record

112
Q

preparation

A

form in which a drug is available, determines route of administration

113
Q

PRN order

A

drug order to administer a drug as needed

114
Q

routine order

A

drug order by which the ordered drug is administered until a discontinuation order is written or until a specified termination date is reached

115
Q

SOAP

A

structure plan for charting, standards for subjective objective assessment plan

116
Q

soluble

A

capable of being dissolved

117
Q

solution

A

liquid containing a dissolved drug

118
Q

standing order

A

drug order that is to be continued until further notice

119
Q

stat order

A

a single drug that is administered immediatley

120
Q

sterile

A

free of microorganisms

121
Q

suspension

A

liquid containing undissolved particles of a drug

122
Q

telephone order

A

type of verbal order that is communicated via telephone

123
Q

verbal order

A

order that is expressed orally andu not written down

124
Q

vial

A

small, glass, single-dose or multiple-dose, vacuum-sealed container with a rubber seal that must be punctured with a needle to fill ya syringe for injection

125
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

126
Q

avitaminosis

A

condition that results from a deficiency or lack of absorption of vitamins in the diet

127
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion

128
Q

electrolyte

A

a solution that carries an electrical charge

129
Q

fat-soluble vitamin

A

vitamins that are soluble in fat, ADEK

130
Q

homestasis

A

state of fluid balance within the body

131
Q

hypervitaminosis

A

condition that results from taking large doses of vitamins over a period of time

132
Q

hypovitaminosis

A

condition that results from a diet lacking in vitamins

133
Q

inorganic

A

compounds that do not contain carbon, such as minerals and water

134
Q

ion

A

particle that carries an electrical charge

135
Q

macrominerals

A

minerals needed with daily requirement of less than 100mg

136
Q

minerals

A

inorganic elements essential to the order, classified as macrominerals or microminerals

137
Q

organic

A

compounds that contain carbon, such as vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

138
Q

recommended daily allowance

A

daily level of intake for essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of healthy individuals

139
Q

vitamins

A

organic substances essential for normal metabolism, classified as fat soluble or water soluble

140
Q

water-soluble vitamins

A

vitamins that are soluble in water, vitamin b complex and vitamin c

141
Q

aerobic

A

bacteria that can survive only in the presence of oxygen

142
Q

AIDs

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrom

143
Q

anaerobic

A

bacteria that can survive without oxygen

144
Q

anaphylaxis

A

server, possibly fatal, systemic hypersensitivity reaction to a sensitizing agent, that is a drug, food, or chemical

145
Q

antibiotic

A

antimicrobial agent, either natural or synthetic, that kills or stops the growth of other organisms

146
Q

antibody

A

protein like substance produced in the body to fight miccroorganisms

147
Q

antifungal

A

drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi

148
Q

aspetic

A

free of pathogens

149
Q

autoclave

A

machine that sterilizes with steam under pressure, usually at 250F for a designated tiem

150
Q

bactericidal

A

an agent that is destructive to bacteria

151
Q

broad-spectrum antibiotics

A

antibiotics that are effective against a wide variety of pathogens

152
Q

clostridium difficile

A

gram positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria that are the major cause of nosocomial infection

153
Q

culture and sensitivity test

A

laboratory technique for finding out which, if any, microbes are present and which antibiotic will effectve against a specific pathogen

154
Q

disinfectant

A

chemical capable of killing bacteria, used in the sterilization process

155
Q

fungi

A

plantlike parasite microorgansims

156
Q

gram stain

A

laboratory test for identifying microbes

157
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B virus

158
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

159
Q

hypersensitivity

A

an exaggerated response to a drug or other foreign agent

160
Q

immune

A

able to resist damage from pathogens

161
Q

immunizations

A

a way of stimulating production of antibiotics by exposing the body to weakened or killed germs

162
Q

infection

A

an invasion by pathogens that produce, multiply, and cause disease

163
Q

infectious disease

A

disease caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens from one person to another

164
Q

inoculation

A

immunizing by administration of a vacine

165
Q

isolation

A

keeping a patient in an environment where pathogens cannot spread from patient to healthcare worker and/or vise versa

166
Q

luekocytes

A

white blood cells that defend the body against bacteria

167
Q

microorganisms

A

tiny, one-celled plants and animals, some are pathogenic/disease producing and others are nonpathogenic

168
Q

mycoses

A

infections caused by fungi

169
Q

narrow-spectrum antibiotics

A

antibiotics that are effective against specific pathogens

170
Q

nosocomial

A

refers to an infection that occurs in a hospital or long-term care facility

171
Q

pathogens

A

disease-producing mircoorganisms

172
Q

penicillinase

A

enzyme produced by microbes that makes them resistant to penicillin

173
Q

photosensitivity

A

sensitivity to light, often a side effect of certain drugs, can cause a rash

174
Q

resistance

A

the ability of a particular microorganisms to resist the effects of a specific antibiotic

175
Q

Standard Precautions

A

primary strategies for prevention of infection transmitted through blood, bloody fluid, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes

176
Q

superinfection

A

secondary infection that occurs while the antibiotic is destroying the first infection

177
Q

universal precautions

A

safety measures that consider all patients potentially infectious with blood-borne pathogens

178
Q

vaccination

A

introduction of an infectious agent for the purpose of establishing resistance to an infectious disease

179
Q

acoutstic

A

pertaining to hearing or sound

180
Q

air conduction

A

function of the middle ear and external ear that conducts and amplifies sound waves from the enviroment

181
Q

blepharitis

A

bacterial infection of the eyelid that causes crusting, redness and irritation

182
Q

canthus

A

angle at either end of the slit between the eyelids

183
Q

cataract

A

an opacity that appears in the crystalline lens

184
Q

central hearing loss

A

difficulty understanding the meaning of words heard, inability to understand the meaning of income sounds or words, caused by problems of the central nervous system from the auditory nucleus to the cortex

185
Q

cerumen

A

earwax

186
Q

cochlea

A

part of the inner ear, the primary organ of hearing

187
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

alteration in the perception of or sensitivity to sounds, occurs with problems in the external and middle ear

188
Q

conjunctiva

A

a thin mucous membrane ling the eye socket and eyelids

189
Q

conjunctivitis

A

an inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the back of the eyelids and the front of the eye except the cornea

190
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

191
Q

eardrum

A

round disk that vibrates and transmits sound from the outer ear to the middle ear

192
Q

external auditory meatus

A

part of the external ear, the ear canal

193
Q

external otitis

A

an inflammation and infection of the epithelium of the auricle and ear canal

194
Q

floaters

A

nontransparent specks that are small pieces of cells floating across the visual field

195
Q

glaucoma

A

condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye caused by failure of the aqueous humor to drain

196
Q

hordeolum

A

a hard cyst on the eyelid resulting from a blocked sebaceous duct

197
Q

lacrimal gland

A

gland that produces tears

198
Q

miotics

A

drugs that cause the pupil to constrict by decreasing the intraocular pressure, increasing the aqueous humor overflow, and contracting the ciliary muscle

199
Q

mydriatics

A

drugs used to dilate the pupil

200
Q

optic

A

pertaining to the eye or sight

201
Q

otalgia

A

ear pain

202
Q

otic

A

pertaining to the ear

203
Q

presbycusis

A

decreased ability to hear high-pitched sounds

204
Q

presbyobia

A

farsightedness brought about by decreased accommodation of the eye as a result of the aging process

205
Q

sclera

A

fibers meshed together to form the opaque structure referred to as the “white” of the eye

206
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

alteration in the perception of or sensitivity to high-pitched sounds, occurs with problems in the inner ear

207
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing of the ears

208
Q

tragus

A

small cartilage projection in from of the entrance to the ear

209
Q

vertigo

A

dizziness, inability to maintain balance in either a sitting or standing position

CMA (6 decks)

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