Vocab

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

all the chemical processes going on continuously inside your body that allow life and normal functioning

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

the process by which green plants and some other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy

Question 4

Autotroph/producer

Answer 4

they create their own nutrients and energy

Question 5

Heterotroph/consumer

Answer 5

organisms incapable of making their own food from light or inorganic compounds

Question 6

Aerobic respiration

Answer 6

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 7

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 7

the oxidation of organic or inorganic substrates for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation using exogenously derived terminal (or alternate) electron acceptors other than oxygen

Question 8

Prokaryotes

Answer 8

any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of internal membranes

Question 9

Eukaryotes

Answer 9

any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus

Question 10

Flagella(um)

Answer 10

organelles for bacterial locomotion

Question 11

Cilia

Answer 11

a minute short hairlike process often forming part of a fringe

Question 12

Population

Answer 12

a particular section, group, or type of people or animals living in an area or country

Question 13

Species

Answer 13

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. The species is the principal natural taxonomic unit, ranking below a genus and denoted by a Latin binomial, e.g. Homo sapiens

Question 14

Community

Answer 14

a group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society

Question 15

Ecosystem

Answer 15

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

Question 16

Habitat

Answer 16

the natural home or environment of a plant, animal, or other organism

Question 17

Benthic/benthos

Answer 17

anything associated with or occurring on the bottom of a body of water

Question 18

Nekton

Answer 18

living organisms that are able to swim and move independently of currents

Question 19

Salinity

Answer 19

the dissolved salt content of a body of water

Question 20

Osmoconformers

Answer 20

organisms that keep their internal fluids isotonic to their environment

Question 21

Osmoregulatory

Answer 21

organisms that actively regulate their osmotic pressure, independent of the surrounding environment

Question 22

Ectotherm

Answer 22

an animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat

Question 23

Endotherm

Answer 23

an animal that is dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat; a warm-blooded animal

Question 24

Asexual reproduction

Answer 24

generates offspring that are genetically identical to a single parent

Question 25

Budding

Answer 25

an asexual reproduction method in which a new organism develops from a bud of an existing organism

Question 26

Fission

Answer 26

the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original

Question 27

Sexual reproduction

Answer 27

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 28

Gametes

Answer 28

a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote

Question 29

Hermaphrodites

Answer 29

a sexually reproducing organism that produces both male and female gametes(intersex)

Question 30

Intraspecific competition

Answer 30

a competition between individuals from the same species (conspecifics)

Question 31

Interspecific competition

Answer 31

the competition between species for shared resources such as space, food and nesting sites during the breeding season and also for roosting sites during the non-breeding season

Question 32

Resource partitioning

Answer 32

when different organisms within one ecosystem split up an area so that they will not compete for the same resources and when those organisms have a special adaptation

Question 33

Ecological niche

Answer 33

a term for the position of a species within an ecosystem

Question 34

Epiphytes

Answer 34

a plant that grows on another plant but is not parasitic, such as the numerous ferns, bromeliads, air plants, and orchids growing on tree trunks in tropical rainforests

Question 35

Symbiosis

Answer 35

interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association

Question 36

Mutualism

Answer 36

symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved

Question 37

Commensalism

Answer 37

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm

Question 38

Parasitism

Answer 38

relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism

Question 39

Food chain

Answer 39

a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another

Question 40

Food web

Answer 40

consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem

Question 41

Pelagic

Answer 41

Relating to or living in or on oceanic waters

Question 42

Detritus

Answer 42

waste or debris of any kind

Question 43

Sessile

Answer 43

(of an organism, e.g. a barnacle) fixed in one place; immobile