Vocab 1.6 - Mitosis

Question 1

Cancer

Answer 1

General term for more than 100 diseases that are characterized by uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells.

Question 2

Cell plate

Answer 2

A membrane that forms midway between dividing plant cells during cytokinesis and later becomes the cell wall.

Question 3

Centrioles

Answer 3

A self-replicating cylindrical organelle that is involved in the process of nuclear division.

Question 4

Centromere

Answer 4

The region joining the two sister chromatids where it becomes attached to the spindle fibres.

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Linear strand of DNA bonded to proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genetic information.

Question 6

Equatorial plate

Answer 6

The figure formed by the chromosomes in the center of the spindle during mitosis

Question 7

Cyclins

Answer 7

A family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Question 8

Cytokinesis

Answer 8

The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane, following the division of the nucleus, resulting in two cells in mitosis

Question 9

Metaphase

Answer 9

Stage in mitosis in which chromosomes become arranged at the equatorial plate

Question 10

Metastasis

Answer 10

Characteristic of malignant tumors of transferring the disease from one organ to another not directly connected with it

Question 11

Microtubule

Answer 11

Fibres hollow protein tubes seen during the mitosis of animal cells

Question 12

Mitosis

Answer 12

The process where a single cell divides into two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell

Question 13

Mitotic

Answer 13

Index the ratio between the number of cells in mitosis to the total number of cells

Question 14

Mutagens

Answer 14

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation

Question 15

Oncogenes

Answer 15

A gene that causes normal cells to change into cancerous tumor cells

Question 16

Prophase

Answer 16

First stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears

Question 17

Sister chromatids

Answer 17

To identical strands of DNA joined by a common centromere

Question 18

Spindle fibres

Answer 18

Network of filaments that collectively form a Mitotic spindle in mitosis. They are involved in moving the chromosomes during nuclear division.

Question 19

Supercoiling

Answer 19

Twisting in the opposite direction to the turns of the double helix during the first stage of mitosis

Question 20

Telophase

Answer 20

The final stage of mitosis in which the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around them

Question 21

Binary fission

Answer 21

A type of asexual reproduction common among prokaryotes where one cell divides giving rise to two cells, each having the potential to grow to the size of the original cell.