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Greek Culture 1000 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

helots

A

state-owned slaves in Sparta

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2
Q

Spartan mirage

A

idealization of Spartan culture throughout antiquity

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2
Q

Lycurgus

A

Spartan law-giver

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2
Q

Laconia

A

territory in the southern Peloponnesus surrounding Sparta

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2
Q

Dorian

A

division of the Greek people

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3
Q

perioikoi

A

“dwellers-around” Sparta

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4
Q

Spartiates

A

the elite warrior class in ancient Sparta

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5
Q

Messenia

A

territory in the southwest Peloponnesus

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6
Q

Council of Elders

A

the governing body in ancient Sparta

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7
Q

Ephors

A

a council of five, shared power with the 2 Spartan kings

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8
Q

Peloponnesian League

A

a military league of Peloponnesian states under the leadership of Sparta

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9
Q

Alkmeonid

A

an Athenian family to which Perikles belonged

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10
Q

Solon

A

Athenian lawgiver

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11
Q

arkhons

A

the chief magistrate in Athena

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12
Q

Areopagus

A

hill in Athens, where homicides were tried

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13
Q

Council of 400

A

oligarchical council that briefly took power in Athens during the Peloponnesian War (made by Solon)

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14
Q

Peisistratos

A

tyrant of Athens- took him 3 tries

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15
Q

Hippias

A

brother of Hipparchus, son of Peisistratos

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16
Q

Harmodius

A

lover of Aristogeiton, was pursued by Hipparchus

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17
Q

Kleisthenes

A

introduced democratic reforms in 508BC- he was an Alkmeonid

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18
Q

demokratia

A

rule by the people

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19
Q

demos

A

districts

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20
Q

Assyrians

A

a war-like Semitic people of Northern Mesopotamia

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21
Q

Ashur

A

the head of the Assyrian pantheon in Mesopotamia religion

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22
Q

Carthage

A

Phoenician city in modern Tunisia, kingdom of Dido, enemy of Rome

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23
Q

Medes

A

another name for Persians

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24
Q

King Midas

A

Phygian king, in legend cursed by the golden touch

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25
Q

Lydia

A

a region in western Anatolia centered on Sardis

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26
Q

Gyges

A

king of Lydia in the seventh century BC

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27
Q

Croesus

A

(sixth century BC), king of Lydia, defeated by Persians under Cyrus the Great

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28
Q

Cyrus

A

(the Great), founder of the Persian Empire

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29
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

religion based on the teachings of a Persian prophet

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30
Q

Ahuramazda

A

“wise God”

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31
Q

Cambyses

A

(ruled 530-522 BC), son of Cyrus the Great, second Achaemenid king of Persia

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32
Q
A
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33
Q

Darius II

A

(fifth century BC), a Persian king during the Peloponnesian War

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34
Q

hubris

A

“outrage, violence”

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35
Q

Histiaeus

A

the king of Miletus under Darius, king of Persia

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36
Q

Eretria

A

a town on the island of Euboea, near Athens

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37
Q

trireme

A

a Greek warship of the classical period

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38
Q

Marathon

A

plain near Athens where Persians were defeated in 490BC

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39
Q

Militiades

A

Athenian commander at Marathon- came up with “mad dash” idea

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40
Q

Xerxes

A

the Great King of Persia (reigned 485-465 BC)

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41
Q

Mardonius

A

Persian commander, died at Plataea in 479 BC

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42
Q

Syracuse

A

powerful Greek city in eastern Sicily

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43
Q

Gela

A

an important Greek colony in northern Sicily

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44
Q

Themistocles

A

-(524-459 BC), Athenian statesman
-Later played both sides during Battle of Salamis to win Persian favor

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45
Q

Hamilear

A

Carthaginian general of 3rd century BC

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46
Q

Thermopylae

A

(“hot gates”), where Leonidas and his 300 Spartans fought to the dead in 480 BC

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47
Q

Leonidas

A

(died in 480 BC), Spartan king who fell at Thermopylae

48
Q

Plataea

A

site of battle in southern Boeotia against the Persians in 479BC

49
Q

Mycale

A

peninsula in Asia Minor, site of Persian defeat in 479 BC

50
Q

Hiero

A

tyrant of Syracuse-brother of Gelon

51
Q

demagogues

A

“leaders of the people”

52
Q

Cimon

A

Athenian leader, son of Militiades

53
Q

Ephialtes

A

(fifth century BC), an Athenian democratic political reformer

54
Q

Perikles

A

(495-429 BC), Athenian statesman

55
Q

Long Walls

A

defensive walls built between Athens and Piraeus

56
Q

Old Oligarch

A

unknown author of oligarchic pamphlet from 5th century BC

57
Q

liturgies

A

a public service established by the city-state whereby its richest members financed state events with their personal wealth

58
Q

Corcyra

A

modern Corfu, an island off the northwest coast of Greece- identified with Phaeacia in the Odyssey

59
Q

Aristophanes

A

(448-380 BC) Athenian writer of comedies

60
Q

Old Comedy

A

the comedy of Athens in the 5th century BC, for example, Aristophanes

61
Q

Nicias

A

(fifth century BC) Athenian general

62
Q

Archidamian War

A

the first part of the Peloponnesian War, 431 to 421, named after the Spartan king, Archidamus

63
Q

Demosthenes

A

Athenian general (fifth century BC)

64
Q

Sphacteria

A

an island in the bay of Pylos

65
Q

Brasidas

A

Spartan general (fifth century BC)

66
Q

Cleon

A

Athenian demagogue (fifth century BC)

67
Q

Peace of Nicias

A

(421-413 BC) a peace treaty signed between Athens and Sparta signed in March 421 BC that ended the first half of the Peloponnesian War

68
Q

Alcibiades

A

lead Athens during Peloponnesian War 450-404 BC

69
Q

Melos

A

one of the Cycladic islands, whose population the Athenians destroyed in 416 BC

70
Q

herms

A

small statues of Athens which turned away evil

71
Q

Gylippus

A

(fifth century BC) Spartan general who assisted the Syracusans

72
Q

Decelea

A

outpost in Attica fortified by the Spartans

73
Q

Hannibal

A

(third century BC) descendant of the previous Hannibal, who fought in Rome

74
Q

Dionysus

A

(fifth century BC) Greek mariner who tried to train sailors from Asia Minor

75
Q

The Four Hundred

A

oligarchical council that briefly took power in Athens during the Peloponnesian War, 411 BC

76
Q

Xenophon

A

(430-354 BC), philosopher and essayist, friend to Socrates, leader in the March of the Ten Thousand

77
Q

Lysander

A

(fifth century BC) Spartan general

78
Q

the Thirty

A

Athenian oligarchy, ruled in 404 BC

79
Q

synoecism

A

“living together”

80
Q

agora

A

central marketplace

81
Q

centripetal

A

pull of polis; polis over individual

82
Q

centrifugal

A

pull of individual; personal pursuits

83
Q

Pan-Hellenism

A

cultural unity with the Greeks

84
Q

good Strife in Hesiod

A

emulates success and building up oneself- healthy competition

85
Q

bad Strife in Hesiod

A

includes jealousy and is source of disputes

86
Q

2 pillars of justice

A

respect the gods and respect others

87
Q

Iron generation according to Hesiod

A

city without justice, no shame, lots of bad Strife

88
Q

krypteia

A

Spartan spies after Messenian wars

89
Q

kleroi

A

lots

90
Q

herds

A

where children grow up in Sparta

91
Q

homoioi

A

“equals, peers”

92
Q

Gerousia

A

council of elders in Sparta- “old men”

93
Q

eunomia

A

“good order”

94
Q

Drakon

A

-wrote laws to help tensions
-harsh penalties-usually death

95
Q

Kylon

A

-attempted tyranny in 632 BC
-gets help from Megaran

96
Q

Heliaia

A

court of appeals made of Solon

97
Q

seisakhtheia

A

1 time cancelation of debt under Solon

98
Q

Metics

A

non-citizens living in Athens

99
Q

trittyes

A

thirds

100
Q

Ekklesia

A

Athenian assembly

101
Q

Boule

A

-Athenian council

102
Q

prytany

A

“presidency” around Athenian Boule

103
Q

Dikasteria

A

courts

104
Q

dikasts

A

citizens acting as a sort of jury

105
Q

polemarch

A

“war archon”

106
Q

litourgia

A

“public work”

107
Q

euthuna

A

“setting straight”
-could audit outgoing magistrates in Athens

108
Q

autochthony

A

belief of being native inhabitants

109
Q

ostrakon

A

pot-shard Athenians vote on for ostracisms

110
Q

Ionian Revolt

A

(499-494 BC) The Ionians get help from Athens to try to shake off Persian control, however ultimately they fail
- Greek rebels burn down Sardis

111
Q

What did the Battle of Marathon give the Athenians?

A

Pride and confidence

112
Q

Delian League

A

-alliance of Greek city-states after Persian War
-Led by Athenians

113
Q

Hellenic League

A

Peloponnesian League and Athens

114
Q

Where was the treasury put after the Persian War?

A

on Delos

115
Q

Battle of Eurymedon River

A

(469-466 BC) Kimon, Athenian general, wins over Persians

116
Q

cleurchies

A

-lots
-made when Athens becomes “empire”

117
Q

Athens “empire” debates

A

-oligarchy vs. democracy
-hoplites vs. navy
-anti-“empire” vs. pro-“empire”

118
Q

Perikles

A

-consistently voted strategos (Pelo War)
-anti-Sparta, pro-empire/democracy
-unquestioned leading politician
-wants to fight defensive war

119
Q

Megaran Decree

A

merchants of Megara aren’t allowed in

120
Q

King’s Peace

A
  • Ionia goes to Persia
    -banned alliances
    -dissolved the Boeotian League-Thebes mega angry

Greek Culture 1000 (6 decks)

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