Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO-102 Unit 2 > vocab > Flashcards

vocab Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

aqueous

A

a type of solution where water is considered the universal solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

amphipathic

A

having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, as in a phospholipid or a detergent molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cholesterol

A

short, rigid lipid molecule present in large amounts in the plasma membrane of animal cells, where it makes the lipid bilayer less flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fatty acid

A

molecule that consists of a carboxylic acid attached to a long hydrogen chain. used as a major source of energy during metabolism and as a starting point for the synthesis of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

glycolipid

A

lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic (covalent) bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

glycoprotein

A

proteins containing glycans attached to amino acid side chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

integral protein

A

a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lipid bilayer

A

a thin pair of closely juxtaposed sheets, composed mainly of phospholipids molecule, that forms the structural basis for all cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

peripheral protein

A

a protein that is found temporarily attached to the cell or mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phosphatidylcholine

A

common phospholipid present in the abundance in most cell membranes, uses chlorine attached to a phosphate as its head group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

saturated (hydrocarbon)

A

describes an organic molecule that contains a full complement of hydrogen; in other words, no double or triple carbon-carbon bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

selective barrier

A

a membrane that allows only some substances and molecules to pass into or leave the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

single pass

A

a transmembrane protein that spans the lipid bilayer only once.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tight junction

A

a type of cell junction characterised by forming an adhesion complex between two neighbouring cells serving as a tight seal between the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

transmembrane protein

A

a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

unsaturated

A

describes an organic molecule that contains one or more double or triple bonds between its carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

phospholipid

A

a major type of lipid molecule in many cell membranes. generally composed of 2 fatty acid tails linked to 1 of a variety of phosphate-containing polar groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ATP driven pump

A

use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

active transport

A

the movement of a solute across a membrane against its electrochemical gradient; requires an input of energy, such as that is provided by ATP hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

antiport

A

type of coupled transporter that transfers 2 different ions or small molecules across a small membrane in opposite directions, either simultaneously or in sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

aquaporin

A

integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

channel

A

a protein that forms a hydrophilic pore across a membrane, through which selected small molecules and ions can passively diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

concentration gradient

A

the difference in concentration of a substance from one point to another

23
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

determines the direction that ions will flow through an open ion channel and is a combination of two types of gradients: a concentration gradient and an electrical field gradient.

24
Q

facilitated transport

A

type of passive transport

25
Q

membrane potential

A

voltage difference across a membrane due to a slight excess of positive ions on one side and of negative ions of the other

26
Q

osmolarity

A

the number of particles of solute per litre of solution

27
Q

osmosis

A

passive movement of water across a cell membrane from a region where the concentration of water is high to a region where the concentration of water is low

28
Q

passive transport

A

the spontaneous movement of a solute down its concentration gradient across a cell membrane via a membrane transport protein, such as a channel or a transporter

29
Q

simple diffusion

A

type of passive transport

30
Q

solute

A

a dissolved substance

31
Q

symport

A

a transporter that transfers 2 different solutes across a cell membrane in the same direction

32
Q

transporter

A

membrane transport protein that moves a solute across a cell membrane by undergoing a series of conformational changes

33
Q

uniport

A

The transport of molecule or ion across a membrane through facilitated diffusion without coupling to the transport of another molecule or ion

34
Q

gated channels

A

transmembrane proteins of excitable cells, that allow a flux of ions to pass only under defined circumstances

35
Q

leak channels

A

these channels are always open

36
Q

ligand-gated channels

A

an ion channel that is stimulated to open by the binding of a small molecule such as a neurotransmitter

37
Q

mechanically-gated channels

A

an ion channel that allows the passage of select ions across a membrane in response to a physical perturbation

38
Q

membrane potential

A

voltage differences across a membrane due to a slight excess of positive ions on one side and of negative ions on the other

39
Q

Nernst equation

A

an equation that relates to concentrations of an inorganic ion of the 2 sides of a permeable membrane to the membrane potential at which there would be no net movement of the ions across the membrane

40
Q

patch clamp

A

technique used to monitor the activity of ion channels in a membrane; involves the formation of a tight seal between the tip of a glass electrode and a small region of cell membrane, and manipulation of the membrane potential by varying the concentrations of ions in the electrode

41
Q

voltage-gated proteins

A

channel proteins that permits the passage of selected ions, such as Na+, across a membrane in response to changes in the membrane potential. Found primarily in electrically excitable cells such as nerve and muscle cells

42
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of muscle function in part of your body

43
Q

acetylcholine

A

a neurotransmitter that plays a role in memory, learning, attention, arousal and involuntary muscle movement

44
Q

chemical signal

A

proteins or other molecules produced by a sending cell

45
Q

electrical signal

A

action potentials

46
Q

excitatory neurotransmitter

A

excite the neuron and cause it to fire the messages

47
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

block or prevent the chemical message from being passed along any further

48
Q

neurotransmitter

A

small signalling molecule secreted by a nerve cell at a synapse to transmit information to a post synaptic cell

49
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle

50
Q

postsynaptic cell

A

specialised to receive the neurotransmitter signal released from the presynaptic terminal and transduce it into electrical and biochemical changes in the postsynaptic cell.

51
Q

presynaptic cell

A

a neuron that sends information to another neuron via a specialised structure called a synapse

52
Q

synapse

A

specialised junction where a nerve cell communicates with another cell, usually via a neurotransmitter secreted by the nerve cell

53
Q

synaptic cleft

A

The space between two neurons across which the impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter

54
Q

synaptic vesicle

A

small, electron-lucent vesicles that are clustered at presynaptic terminals

55
Q

transmitter-gated ion channel

A

specialised for rapidly converting extracellular chemical signals into electrical signals at chemical synapses

56
Q

voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

A

key transducers of membrane potential changes into intracellular Ca2+ transients that initiate many physiological events

BIO-102 Unit 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions