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Medical Terms > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ao foundation

A

Association for the study of internal fixation

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2
Q

Allograft

A

Human tissue, such as bone or tendon from cadaver that is used to surgically repair or replace damage tissue in a patient

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3
Q

Arthrodesis

A

The surgical fusion of a joint the procedure removes any remaining articular cartilage and positions the adjacent bone to promote bone growth

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4
Q

Arthoplasty

A

A procedure to replace rem mobilize a joint typically performed by removing damage, arthritic surfaces, and replacing them with an implant

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5
Q

Arthroscopy

A

A form of minimally invasive surgery, in which a fiber optic camera. The arthroscope is introduced into the area of the body through a small incision.

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6
Q

Articular cartilage

A

A smooth, glistening surface that covers the end of the bones that articulate with each other to form a joint

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7
Q

Autograft

A

Biological tissue from the patient’s own body that is used to surgically replace damaged tissue

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8
Q

Avascular necrosis

A

The condition in which cells die as a result of inadequate blood supply osteonecrosis when referring to bone

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9
Q

Avulsion fracture

A

A fracture located, where a tendon or ligament attaches to the bone the tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of the bone

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10
Q

Biomechanics

A

The study of external and internal forces applied to the body and their relationship to stability and motion

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11
Q

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)

A

Proteins that simulate bone growth

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12
Q

Callus bone

A

 bone developed after a fracture initially form from a hematoma at the bleeding edges of bone. It eventually formed a cartilage mass that is remodeled into mature bone.

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13
Q

Cartilage

A

Your tissue an adult is specific to joints

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14
Q

Chondrocyte

A

Cartilage cells

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15
Q

Collagen

A

The main structural protein in the extra cellular space in various connective tissues of the body

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16
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

If fracture with more than two fragments

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17
Q

Compound fracture

A

Any fracture in which the overlying skin has been penetrated

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18
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Fractured that disrupts only one side of the bone. This fracture pattern is seen in children because of the greater plasticity of their bones.

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19
Q

Growth factors

A

Proteins that are produced, and released by one cell, and then act on the same cell adjacent, sells or remote cells to influence growth and division

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20
Q

Implants

A

Any surgically placed non-biological material, whose purpose is to promote healing of tissue or serve as a replacement of structures, such as joints

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21
Q

Internal fixation

A

Surgical insertion of a device that stops motion across a fracture or joint to encourage bone healing or fusion

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22
Q

Intramedullary nailing

A

A procedure, for the fixation of fractures in which a nail or rod is inserted into the intra-medullary canal of the bone from one of its two ends

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23
Q

Joint capsule

A

A collagenous structure that surrounds a joint like a sleeve. The capsule allows motion of joints, and protects the articular Cartlidge

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24
Q

Malunion

A

Healing of a fracture in an unacceptable position

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25
Q

Nitinol

A

An alloy of nickel and titanium with unique properties, including shape, memory and super elasticity, commonly used to manufacture, bone, staples, and hammer toe implants

26
Q

Nonunion

A

Failure of healing of a fracture or osteotimy. With continued motion through a non-union the bone will form me false joint pseudoarthrosis.

27
Q

Open reduction

A

An open surgical procedure in which normal near normal relations. Relationships are restored to a fractured bone or dislocated joint.

28
Q

Open reduction internal fixation

A

A procedure that involves incising the skin and soft tissue to repair fracture under direct visualization

29
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

A deterioration of the weight-bearing surface distinguish by destruction of the hyaline cartilage and narrowing of the joint space

30
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells that form new bone

31
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that absorb bone tissue during growth and healing

32
Q

Osteocytes

A

The cells of establish bone

33
Q

Osteolysis

A

Dissolution of bone, particularly as resulting from excess resorption

34
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of bone

35
Q

Osteo necrosis

A

The death of bone often as a result of a obstruction of its blood supply

36
Q

Osteopenia

A

Bone fragility, as a result of a low calcium diet

37
Q

Osteophytes bone spur

A

Overgrowth of a bone, common in osteoarthritis

38
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in an increased risk of fracture as a result of a low calcium diet

39
Q

Osteotomy

A

Literally cutting a bone used to describe surgical procedures in which bone is cut and realigned

40
Q

Osteo conductive

A

Refers to a physical scaffolder structured that facilitates the formation of bone structure, commonly used to describe the properties of various types of bone graft and bone graft substitutes example includes cancellous bone, hydro Hydroxyapatite, collagen, and calcium phosphates

41
Q

Osteogenic

A

Refers to cells that form new bone mesenchymal stem cells can turn into osteoblasts (cells that form new bone)

42
Q

Osteogenesis

A

The formation of new bone

43
Q

PEEK

A

Polytheretheketone is an extremely strong, biocompatible plastic material used for various implants predominantly in spine

44
Q

Pressfit

A

A method for implanting orthopedic devices for a pressfit device is inserted without cement or hardware fixations like screws the geometry of adjacent structure holds the device in place

45
Q

Reaming

A

Usually refers to the process of enlarging a cavity, so that a prosthesis can be inserted. Most commonly is performed in the femur for insertion of a female for moral nail. However, with respect to foot and ankle surgery reaming may refer to the preparation and re-shaping of the metal tarsal headand base of the proximal phalanges into congruent spaces prior to MPT joint arthrodesis

46
Q

Reduction

A

The realignment of a fracture fragments to restore normal anatomy of the bone

47
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells with the unlimited ability of self, renew, and regeneration, which serves to regenerate tissue

48
Q

Mesenchymal stem cells, otherwise known as MSC

A

MSC’s are adult stem cells found in bone marrow MSC’s are multi potent meaning they can produce more than one type of specialized cell in the body but not at all MSC can differentiate into cartilage cells, bone cells or fat cells

49
Q

Stress riser

A

Place where stress lines from applied forces concentrate within a structure breakage is most likely occur at these places

50
Q

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene UHMWPE

A

A type of highly durable polyethylene used for replacement of joint surfaces, or an entire component and prosthetic joints

51
Q

Chrondroctyes

A

Cartlidge cells

52
Q

Fat cells

A

Adipocytes

53
Q

Lymphedema

A

Tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein rich fluids that’s usually drained through the body lymphatic system

54
Q

Hematoma

A

A pool of mostly clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space

55
Q

Bacitracin to promote hydrolysis

A

Topical antibiotic ointment

56
Q

Cytokines

A

Small proteins that are crucial and controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells when released they signal the immune system to do its job

57
Q

Chorion

A

Outer most membrane of the placenta

58
Q

Dehiscence

A

A partial or total separation of previously approximated wound edges due to a failure of proper wound healing

59
Q

Non adherent dressing

A

Adaptic metpatel

60
Q

Non adherent dressing

A

Adaptic or mepitel

61
Q

For dry wounds

A

Hydrogel to keep the wound moist

Medical Terms (1 decks)

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