Vocab

Question 1

Abstract language

Answer 1

refers to intangible ideas, rather than real-world objects.

Question 2

Ad hominem

Answer 2

Latin for “against the man”. Personally attacking your opponents instead of their arguments. It is an argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, feeling rather than intellect.

Question 3

Allegory

Answer 3

The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.

Question 4

Allusion

Answer 4

An indirect reference to something (usually a literary text, although it can be other things commonly known, such as plays, songs, historical events) with which the reader is supposed to be familiar.

Question 5

Analogy

Answer 5

A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar.

Question 6

Anaphora

Answer 6

Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences or clauses in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer’s point more coherent.

Question 7

Anecdote

Answer 7

A brief recounting of a relevant episode.

Question 8

Annotation

Answer 8

a note of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram

Question 9

Antecedent

Answer 9

the word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.

Question 10

Antithesis

Answer 10

Two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel. structure. “ It was the best of times, it was the worst of times”

Question 11

Aphorism

Answer 11

A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle.

Question 12

Apostrophe

Answer 12

a literary device writers use to address someone or something that is not physically present.

Question 13

Assonance:

Answer 13

the repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds especially in words that are together.

Question 14

Cacophony:

Answer 14

a literary device in which harsh and inharmonious sounds in words, primarily through using consonants, that achieves a desired effect on the reader.

Question 15

Citation

Answer 15

when you reference the name of the source in parenthesis at the end of a sentence.

Question 16

Claim

Answer 16

the central argument of your paragraph

Question 17

Colloquialism

Answer 17

The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms give a work a conversational, familiar tone.

Question 18

Common knowledge

Answer 18

knowledge that most educated people know or can find out easily in an encyclopedia or dictionary

Question 19

Connotation

Answer 19

The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning.

Question 20

Consonance:

Answer 20

The repetition of consonant sounds within a line of verse or a sentence of prose.

Question 21

Cumulative sentence

Answer 21

a sentence that begins with an independent clause and then adds subordinate clauses.

Question 22

Deductive reasoning

Answer 22

a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions

Question 23

Denotation

Answer 23

The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color.

Question 24

Diction

Answer 24

Word choice, particularly as an element of style.

Question 25

Either or reasoning

Answer 25

there are only two options and you must decide which ‘side’ to accept, and either intentionally or unintentionally ignore other choices.

Question 26

Ellipsis

Answer 26

the omission of one or more words, which must be supplied by the listener or reader for the sentence to be understood.

Question 27

Ethical appeal(ethos):

Answer 27

used to establish the writer as fair, open-minded, honest, and knowledgeable about the subject matter. The writer creates a sense of him or herself as trustworthy and credible.

Question 28

Euphemism

Answer 28

a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept.

Question 29

Exigence(rhetorical:

Answer 29

the moment or event that motivates someone to write or to speak about a specific issue, problem, or situation.

Question 30

False/faulty analogy

Answer 30

an argument based on misleading, superficial, or implausible comparisons.

Question 31

Figurative language

Answer 31

the use of words in a way that deviates from the conventional order and meaning in order to convey a complicated meaning, colorful writing, clarity, or evocative comparison.

Question 32

Hyperbole

Answer 32

A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.

Question 33

Imagery

Answer 33

the use of descriptive language and sensory details, can create a vivid image in the reader’s mind, emphasizing the poet’s ideas.

Question 34

Inductive reasoning

Answer 34

a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion.

Question 35

Line of reasoning

Answer 35

your method to fully and logically explain your arguments in a logical essay format.

Question 36

Logical appeal (logos)

Answer 36

to appeal to the audiences’ sense of reason or logic.

Question 37

Logical fallacy

Answer 37

an argument that may sound convincing or true but is actually flawed.

Question 38

Metaphor

Answer 38

A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity.

Question 39

Mood

Answer 39

The atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through word choice

Question 40

Narrative

Answer 40

The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.

Question 41

Non-sequitur

Answer 41

a statement or conclusion that does not logically arise from the thought that precedes it.

Question 42

Oversimplification

Answer 42

the action of describing or explaining something in such a simple way that it is no longer correct or true

Question 43

Oxymoron

Answer 43

When apparently contradictory terms are grouped together and suggest a paradox

Question 44

Paradox

Answer 44

A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.

Question 45

Parallelism

Answer 45

Sentence construction which places equal grammatical constructions near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns. Parallelism is used to add emphasis, organization, or sometimes pacing to writing.

Question 46

Parody

Answer 46

A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.

Question 47

Emotional appeal (pathos)

Answer 47

to persuade an audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author wants them to feel.

Question 48

Personification

Answer 48

the attribution ofA figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.

Question 49

Persuasion

Answer 49

a process aimed at changing a person’s attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs.

Question 50

First person

Answer 50

the narrator is a person in the story, telling the story from their own point of view.

Question 51

Third person limited

Answer 51

the POV that uses a narrator with access to only one character’s perspective, a limited perspective.

Question 52

Third person omniscient

Answer 52

a third-person literary perspective that offers omniscient insight into one or more character’s minds. Third person omniscient point of view is used to shine an all-seeing eye on a story’s character(s) and world.

Question 53

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer 53

means “after this, therefore because of this.” The fallacy is generally referred to by the shorter phrase, “post hoc.” Examples: “Every time that rooster crows, the sun comes up. That rooster must be very powerful and important!”

Question 54

Red herring

Answer 54

argument is one which distracts the audience from the issue in question through the introduction of some irrelevancy. This frequently occurs during debates when there is an implicit topic, yet it is easy to lose track of it.

Question 55

Refutation

Answer 55

A denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, a refutation often follows a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.

Question 56

Rhetoric

Answer 56

The use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience.

Question 57

Rhetorical modes

Answer 57

a type of essay and categorizes essays as falling into four types, corresponding to four basic functions of prose: narration, or telling; description, or picturing; exposition, or explaining; and argument, or convincing.

Question 58

Rhetoric triangle

Answer 58

a method to organize the three elements of rhetoric,

Question 59

Sentence structure

Answer 59

A simple sentence consists of just one clause. A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and one or more dependent (subordinate) clauses. A compound sentence consists of two or more coordinate (independent) clauses.

Question 60

straw man

Answer 60

the informal fallacy of refuting an argument different from the one actually under discussion, while not recognizing or acknowledging the distinction. One who engages in this fallacy is said to be “attacking a straw man”.

Question 61

Stream of consciousness

Answer 61

a narrative style that tries to capture a character’s thought process in a realistic way.

Question 62

Syntax

Answer 62

The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Syntax is similar to diction, but you can differentiate them by thinking of syntax as groups of words, while diction refers to the individual words.

Question 63

Synthesis

Answer 63

a written discussion incorporating support from several sources of differing views.

Question 64

Understatement

Answer 64

when a writer presents a situation or thing as if it is less important or serious than it is in reality. It describes something with less strength than would be expected.

Question 65

Voice
Active
Passive

Answer 65

In a sentence written in the active voice, the subject of sentence performs the action. In a sentence written in the passive voice, the subject receives the action.