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AP Environmental Science > Vocab 14-17 > Flashcards

Vocab 14-17 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Species Richness

A

Number of Species in a given area

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2
Q

Species Evenness

A

Relative proportion of individuals within different species in a location

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3
Q

Phylogeny

A

The branching pattern of evolutionary relationships

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4
Q

Evolution

A

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time

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5
Q

Gene

A

A physical location on the chromosomes within each cell of an organism

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6
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup

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7
Q

Phenotype

A

What is actually visible

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8
Q

Mutation

A

The random change in a genetic code

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9
Q

Genetic Drift

A

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating

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10
Q

Artificial selection

A

The process in which humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind

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11
Q

Evolution by natural selection

A

The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce

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12
Q

Adaptation

A

A trait that improves an individual’s fitness

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13
Q

Gene Flow

A

The process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations

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14
Q

Genetic Drift

A

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating

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15
Q

Bottleneck effect

A

A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size

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16
Q

Extinction

A

The death of the last member of a species

17
Q

Founder effect

A

A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals

18
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation

19
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

The evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation

20
Q

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

A

An organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species

21
Q

Range of tolerance

A

The limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate

22
Q

Fundamental niche

A

The suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce

23
Q

Realized niche

A

The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives

24
Q

Distribution (of species)

A

Areas of the world in which a species lives

25
Q

Niche generalist

A

A species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions

26
Q

Niche specialist

A

A species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species

27
Q

Mass extinction

A

A large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time

AP Environmental Science (1 decks)

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