Vocab

Question 1

(a phospholipid that has) both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region

Answer 1

Amphipathic

Question 2

Where the membrane is envisioned as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids

Answer 2

Fluid-mosaic model

Question 3

Proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer

Answer 3

Integral proteins

Question 4

Proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer, but are loosely bound to the surface of the membrane

Answer 4

Peripheral proteins

Question 5

Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to lipids

Answer 5

Glycolipids

Question 6

Membrane carbs that are covalently bonded to proteins

Answer 6

Glycoproteins

Question 7

Hydrophilic substances use these to avoid contact with the lipid bilayer

Answer 7

Transport proteins

Question 8

A channel protein in the plasma membrane that specifically facilitates osmosis

Answer 8

Aquaporins

Question 9

The movement of molecules of any substance so that they spread out evenly into the available space

Answer 9

Diffusion

Question 10

The region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases

Answer 10

Concentration gradient

Question 11

The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane

Answer 11

Passive transport

Question 12

The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 12

Osmosis

Question 13

Ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

Answer 13

Tonicity

Question 14

No net movement of water across cell membrane when cell is in this environment

Answer 14

Isotonic

Question 15

Cell will lose water, shrivel in this environment

Answer 15

Hypertonic

Question 16

Cell will gain water and maybe burst in this environment

Answer 16

Hypotonic

Question 17

The control of solute concentrations and water balance

Answer 17

Osmoregulation

Question 18

(in hypertonic environment) as cell shrinks, plasma membrane pulls away from the wall

Answer 18

Plasmolysis

Question 19

Polar molecules and ions impeded by the lipid bilayer of the membrane diffuse passively with the help of transports proteins that spanish the membrane

Answer 19

Facilitated diffusion

Question 20

Channel proteins that transport ions

Answer 20

Ion channels

Question 21

The voltage across the membrane

Answer 21

Membrane potential

Question 22

A single ATP- powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in a mechanism

Answer 22

Cotransport

Question 23

When the cell secretes certain biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

Answer 23

Exocytosis

Question 24

When the cell takes in biological molecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane

Answer 24

Endocytosis

Question 25

Any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site on another molecule

Answer 25

Ligands