vocab

Question 1

explanatory variable

Answer 1

the variable that is used to explain or predict the response variable

Question 2

observational study

Answer 2

type of study in which individuals are observed or certain outcomes are measured. no attempt is made to affect the outcome (for example, no treatment is given)

Question 3

stratum

Answer 3

part of the population which is being sampled

Question 4

multistage sample

Answer 4

obtaining a sample from a population by splitting a population into smaller and smaller groups and taking samples of individuals from the smallest resulting groups

Question 5

census

Answer 5

a study of every unit, everyone or everything, in a population

Question 6

independent sample

Answer 6

samples that are selected randomly so that its observations do not depend on the values other observations

Question 7

block design

Answer 7

the arranging of experimental units that are similar to one another in groups

Question 8

paired sample

Answer 8

samples to make inferences about the differences between two paired variables, such as the effect of one treatment on two behaviors

Question 9

placebo effect

Answer 9

when effects are seen in a group of people who did not actually receive a treatment

Question 10

experiment

Answer 10

an ordered procedure which is performed with the objective of verifying, and determining the validity of the hypothesis

Question 11

simple random sample

Answer 11

a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen

Question 12

bias

Answer 12

a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen

Question 13

quantitative data

Answer 13

measures of values or counts and are expressed as numbers

Question 14

sample

Answer 14

a selection of data from a larger group of data

Question 15

population

Answer 15

the pool of individuals from which a statistical sample is drawn for a study

Question 16

cluster sample

Answer 16

a probability sampling method in which you divide a population into clusters, such as districts or schools, and then randomly select some of these clusters as your sample

Question 17

stratified sample

Answer 17

divides the population into smaller groups, or strata, based on shared characteristics

Question 18

convenience sample

Answer 18

choosing people who are easiest to reach

Question 19

experimental unit

Answer 19

the individuals on which the experiment is performed, if they are people, they are subjects

Question 20

factor

Answer 20

an explanatory variable that is manipulated to cause a change in the explanatory variable

Question 21

treatment

Answer 21

a condition applied to the units is called a treatment

Question 22

double blind

Answer 22

an experiment involving giving a medicine to subjects, neither the subject or the person giving the medicine does not know if the subject is getting the treatment or a placebo

Question 23

matched pairs

Answer 23

a common form of blocking to compare two different treatments, it can be the same people getting the threat

Question 24

replication

Answer 24

applying a treatment to a number of experimental units to see if the result occurs across a broad spectrum of experimental units, it is used to reduce the chance of random variation on the outcome measured

Question 25

under coverage

Answer 25

occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample

Question 26

non response

Answer 26

occurs when people who do not participate in a survey or study have different characteristics or opinions than those who do participate

Question 27

statistically significant

Answer 27

the claim that a result from data generated by testing or experimentation is likely to be attributable to a specific cause

Question 28

control

Answer 28

an experimental condition or element that is kept the same throughout the experiment, and it is not of primary concern in the experiment, nor will it influence the outcome of the experiment.

Question 29

confounding

Answer 29

an unmeasured third variable that influences both the supposed cause and the supposed effect

Question 30

dependent variable

Answer 30

a variable whose value depends on that of another