Vocab Flashcards
alligator
a large reptile similar to a crocodile, with a long tail
wasp
flying insect, often black and yellow, that can sting (= produce a small, painful skin injury):
flail
(especially of arms and legs) to move energetically in an uncontrolled way:
merchant
a person whose job is to buy and sell products in large amounts, especially by trading with other countries:
Netherlands=Holland
the dutch
bloom (v)
When a flower blooms, it opens or is open, and when a plant or tree blooms it produces flowers
bloom (n)
a flower
crack on
to start or continue doing something, especially more quickly or with more energy after a pause
-Now we’ve prepared the walls we can crack on with the painting.
crack of dawn
the early part of the morning when the sun first appears
caravan (n) 1
a road vehicle without an engine that is pulled by a car, designed for people to live and sleep in, especially when they are on holiday
caravan (n2)
a group of people with vehicles or animals who are travelling together, especially across the desert
contact (n)+ (prep)
-I’d hate to lose contact WITH my college friends.
-She finally made contact with him in Italy.
contact (v) +prep
I tried to CONTACT HIM at his office, but he wasn’t in.
like clockwork
very regularly, or at exactly the planned times:
-Since the recent improvements to the service, the buses are running like clockwork.
venture=undertaking (noun)
a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks:
-A disastrous business venture lost him thousands of dollars.
grammar NOT EVEN
“I never cry.” “Not even when you hurt yourself really badly?”
inquiring=enquiring
(adj)
always wanting to learn new things:
You have a very inquiring mind, don’t you?
questionable
not certain, or probably wrong in some way:
It is questionable whether that investment will pay off.
pay off
If something you have done pays off, it is successful:
All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam.
odd=bizarre /bɪˈzɑːr/
strange or unexpected:
The skirt and jacket looked a little odd together.
puff/pʌf/ (verb) (1)
to breathe fast and with difficulty, usually because you have been exercising:
He came puffing up the stairs.
disclose/dɪˈskləʊz/=divulge/daɪˈvʌldʒ/
to make something secret known or make sth public
-The police have disclosed that two officers are under internal investigation.
puff/pʌf/ (verb) (2)
to blow out in clouds, or make steam or smoke do this:
The chimney was puffing out clouds of smoke.
puff/pʌf/ (verb) (3)
to smoke tobacco:
-She was puffing on a cigarette at the time
puff
noun
a small amount of smoke, air, or something that can rise into the air in a small cloud:
Sean blew a puff of smoke at his reflection in the mirror.
Confide/kənˈfaɪd/ (v)
to tell somebody secrets and personal information that you do not want other people to know
- confide something (to somebody) She confided all her secrets to her best friend.
confide in
to tell somebody secrets and personal information because you feel you can trust them
She used to confide in him whenever she had a problem.
labourer/ˈleɪbərər/ (n)
a person whose job involves hard physical work
laboured
-(of breathing) slow and -taking a lot of effort
-(of writing, speaking, etc.) not natural and seeming to take a lot of effort
significant/sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/
important or noticeable:
The talks between the USA and the USSR were very significant for the relationship between the two countries.
standardize
to make objects or activities of the same type have the same features or qualities; to make something standard
supposedly /səˈpəʊ.zɪd.li/
used to show that you do not believe that something you have been told is true:
the tickets are supposedly in the mail
not nearly as/so
a lot less:
In fact, the whole experience isn’t nearly as scary as might be imagined.
get someone down
If something gets you down, it makes you feel unhappy or depressed.:
I know it’s frustrating, but don’t let it get you down.
pick on someone
to criticize, punish, or be unkind to the same person often and unfairly: He gets picked on by the other boys because he’s so small.
noble /ˈnəʊ.bəl
moral in an honest, brave, and kind way:
His followers believe they are fighting for a noble cause.
strenuous /ˈstren.ju.əs/
needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort or energy:
-Strenuous efforts were made throughout the war to disguise the scale of civilian casualties.
throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ (adv)
in every part, or during the whole period of time:
He yawned throughout the performance.
subdue /səbˈdʒuː/ (1)(v)
to reduce the force of something, or to prevent something from existing or developing:
He criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression.
in force
in large numbers:
Photographers were out in force at the White House today.
subdue /səbˈdʒuː/ (2)(v)
to bring a person or group under control by using force:
-Police say they have a range of methods available to them to subdue a person during a confrontation.
confrontation /ˌkɒn.frʌnˈteɪ.ʃən/ noun =showdown
a fight or argument:
plague /pleɪɡ/ (v)
(1) to cause someone or something difficulty or suffering, esp. repeatedly or continually:
-Financial problems have been plaguing their new business partners.
(2) to annoy someone, especially by asking repeated questions:
-The children plagued him WITH questions all through lunch.
plague (N)
a serious disease which kills a lot of people
a plague of something
a large number of things that are unpleasant or likely to cause damage:
a plague of insects
flea
a very small jumping insect that feeds on the blood of animals and humans (bọ íu j đó gê vc)
unquestionable (adj)
obvious and impossible to doubt
questioningly/ˈkwes.tʃə.nɪŋ.li/
-in a way that expresses doubt about the value or truth of something, or that shows you want an answer from someone:
+When she looked questioningly at her husband, he shook his head to show he had nothing to say.
thrive/θraɪv/=prosper /ˈprɒs.pər/
to grow, develop, or be successful:
-She seems to thrive on stress.
-Lots of microchip manufacturing companies prospered at that time.
flourish (verb)/ˈflʌr.ɪʃ/
to grow or develop successfully:
-My tomatoes are flourishing this summer - it must be the warm weather.
chatter /ˈtʃæt.ər/
conversation about things that are not important:
misery /ˈmɪz.ər.i/
great unhappiness:
-Ten years of marriage to him have made her life a misery.
appall /əˈpɑːl/=horrify
-> adj là appalled:
having strong feelings of shock or disapproval:
to make someone have strong feelings of shock or of disapproval:
I was appalled at/by the lack of staff in the hospital.
outcome/ˈaʊt.kʌm/
a result or effect of an action, situation, etc.:
-It’s too early to predict the outcome of the meeting.
regardless=despite /rɪˈɡɑːd.ləs/
despite; not being influenced by something:
-This job is open to all, regardless OF previous experience.
irrespective /ˌɪr.ɪˈspek.tɪv/= regardless of
without considering something or being influenced by it
-Everyone gets the same amount, irrespective of age.
legislation (U) /ˌledʒ.ɪˈsleɪ.ʃən/
a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament:
-The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel emissions from cars.
occupant/ˈɒkjəpənt/ (n)
a person who lives or works in a particular house, room, building, etc.
-All outstanding bills will be paid by the previous occupants.
outstanding (adj)
(of payment, work, problems, etc.) not yet paid, done, solved, etc.
negotiation/nɪˌɡəʊʃiˈeɪʃn/
formal discussion between people who are trying to reach an agreement.
-negotiation between A and B: The rent is a matter for negotiation between the landlord and the tenant.
-in negotiation with somebody :A contract is prepared in negotiation with our clients.
- under negotiation: The issue is still under negotiation.
parliament/ˈpɑːləmənt/
the group of people who are elected to make and change the laws of a country
-The Scottish parliament is expected to vote in favour of a ban.
spring (v)
to move quickly and suddenly towards a particular place:
The organization is ready to spring into action (= start taking action) the moment it receives its funding.
spring for something
to pay for or buy something, often for someone else:
They offered to spring for the tickets.
spring from
to be caused by something; to start from something:
The idea for the novel sprang from a trip to India.
spring to life
to suddenly become very active or busy:
-After about eight o’clock the city springs to life.
spring to mind
to come quickly into your mind:
-Say the word “Australia” and a vision of beaches and blue seas immediately springs to mind.
pull/make faces/a face (at somebody)
to produce an expression on your face to show that you do not like somebody/something or in order to make somebody laugh:
-Do you think it’s funny to make faces behind my back?
rip (v)
The wind ripped the flag to/into shreds (= into little pieces).
-The wind ripped the flag to/into shreds (= into little pieces).
to remove something quickly, without being careful:
-We ripped up the carpets and laid a new wooden floor.
show up (pr v)
-to arrive somewhere in order to join a group of people, especially late or unexpectedly:
+I invited him for eight o’clock, but he didn’t show up until 9.30.
-to make sb (who u are with) embarrassed
+I wish you wouldn’t show me up in front of my parents by getting so drunk.
unawares /ˌʌn.əˈweəz/ (adv form of aware)
suddenly and unexpectedly without any warning:
-The government was obviously caught unawares by (= was not expecting) the criticism.
honourable
honest and fair, or deserving praise and respect:
-an honourable person
-> honourably (adv)
-> dishonourable: A dishonourable action causes embarrassment and a loss of people’s respect:
-> A dishonourable person is not honest or fair, or does not deserve praise and respect:
investment- invest-investable (available to be invested:)
(in)sufficient FOR (adj) - suffice (v)- sufficiency (n)-sufficiently(adv)
-adj: enough for a particular purpose:
This recipe should be sufficient for five people.
-adv: enough
McGeechan has not recovered sufficiently to play in the semifinal tomorrow.
semifinal (noun)/ˌsem.iˈfaɪ.nəl/
one of the two games that are played to decide who will take part in the final game of a competition:
-She’s the youngest player ever to get through to/advance to a semifinal.
reassurance/ˌriː.əˈʃɔː.rəns/(N)
words of advice and comfort intended to make someone feel less worried:
-to give/provide/offer reassurance
-She is very insecure and constantly seeks reassurance that he loves her.
reassure(v)/ˌriːəˈʃʊə(r)/-> reasuring (adj)-reasuringly
=put/set somebody’s mind at ease/rest
-reassure somebody (about something) They tried to reassure her, but she still felt anxious.
muscular
having a lot of well-developing muscle
notorious (adj) /nəʊˈtɔː.ri.əs/-> notoriously (adv)
famous for something bad=infamous
-The company is notorious for paying its bills late.
-The game is notoriously difficult to play.
tact (n)/tækt/=sensitivity /ˌsensəˈtɪvəti/ (the ability to understand other’s feelings)=diplomacy
-> tactful (adj)
-> tactfully (adv)
-the ability to say or do the right thing without making anyone unhappy or angry:
-Settling the dispute required great tact and diplomacy.
abstain /æbˈsteɪn/ (v)
abstainer (n)
(1)to not do something, especially something enjoyable that you think might be bad:
(2) to decide not to use your vote:
-63 members voted in favour, 39 opposed, and 15 abstained.
(3) to stay away from work:
-During a recent general strike, employees of all major trade unions abstained.
-vow /vaʊ/(v) +to/that
-vow (noun) a serious promise or decision:
to take/make a vow
=assurance (confidence or the same meaning as vow)
(ADJ) After the awful meals we had last Christmas, I vowed to do more of the cooking myself.
-to make a determined decision or promise to do something:
(NOUN) She took/made a vow never to lend money to anyone again.
tiptoe /ˈtɪp.toʊ/
to walk on your toes with the heel of your foot lifted off the ground, especially in order not to make a noise:
-He waited until his daughter was asleep, then tiptoed quietly out of the room.
tiptoe around something/someone
to avoid dealing with a difficult subject, problem, or person:
-Jonathan keeps tiptoeing around the problem, instead of confronting (deal) it.
secure (adj)/səˈkjʊr/
(1) positioned or fixed firmly and correctly and therefore not likely to move, fall, or break:
-That ladder doesn’t look very secure to me.
(2) safe or protected, for example against someone stealing information:
-He spoke to the president on a secure phone line.
(3) confident
(4) able to avoid being harmed by any risk, danger, or threat:
-Endangered species need to be kept secure from poachers.
dominant (a)
more important or noticeable
grieving (adj) (for human) -> grieve (v) -> grievous (causing great pain or difficulty) -> grievance (n) /ˈɡriː.vəns/ ->grievously (adv)
(N) a complaint or a strong feeling that you have been treated unfairly =grudge/ɡrʌdʒ/
troublesome (adj)
causing a lot of problems for someone:
-The negotiations have proven more troublesome than any of us expected.
hinder/ˈhɪndə(r)/=hamper/ˈhæmpə(r)/
->hindrance (N)
(v)to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen
(V)to prevent somebody from easily doing or achieving something (hamper)
-An injury was hindering him from playing his best.
(n) (C) a person or thing that makes it more difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen
-a person or thing that makes it more difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen
hinder somebody/something
hinder somebody/something from something/from doing something
differentiate/ˌdɪf.əˈren.ʃi.eɪt/(v)
- to show or find the difference between things that are compared:
+We do not differentiate between our employees on the basis of their race, religion, or national origin.
-to make someone or something different:
+We look for features that differentiate the products.
confidential (adj) /ˌkɒn.fɪˈden.ʃəl/-> confidentially (adv)
secret or private, often in a formal, business, or military situation:
+All information will be treated as strictly confidential.
marketable
-Marketable products or skills are easy to sell because a lot of people want them:
+This is a highly marketable product.
repression/rɪˈpreʃ.ən/
-the use of force or violence to control a group of people:
+The political repression in this country is enforced by terror.
-the process and effect of keeping particular thoughts and wishes out of your conscious mind in order to defend or protect it:
+The political repression in this country is enforced by terror.
potential/pəˈten.ʃəl/ (n)
-someone’s or something’s ability to develop, achieve, or succeed:
+potential to do something :The disease has the potential to cause a global health emergency.
(adj)sustainable
/səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/
(v) sustain
-(adj)able to continue over a period of time:
+That sort of extreme diet is not sustainable over a long period.
-(v)to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time:
+The economy looks set to sustain its growth into next year.
-(v) to keep alive:
+The soil in this part of the world is not rich enough to sustain a large population.
a million/millions of something
a large number:
-I must have told you a million times to close the windows when you leave the house.
apologetic/əˌpɑː.ləˈdʒet̬.ɪk/
-> apologetically (adv)
-showing that you feel sorry about having caused someone problems or unhappiness:
+She was so apologetic about forgetting my birthday it was almost embarrassing.
appetizing/ˈæp.ə.taɪ.zɪŋ/(adj)->appetite/ˈæp.ə.taɪt/(n1)->appetizer/ˈæp.ə.taɪ.zɚ/(n2)
-(adj)Appetizing food or smells make you want to eat:
+appetizing smells from the kitchen
-(n1) the feeling that you want to eat food:
+I haven’t got much of an appetite (= I am not hungry).
-(n2) món khai vị
concede/kənˈsiːd/ (v1)(v2)
-> concession
-to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true:
+The government has conceded (that) the new tax policy has been a disaster.
-to allow someone to have something, even if you do not want to:
+Britain conceded (= allowed) independence to India in 1947.
momentary /ˈmoʊ.mən.tər.i/ (adj)
-> momentarily (adv)
lasting for a very short time, brief
-a momentary hesitation
advisable/ədˈvaɪ.zə.bəl/(adj)
-If something is advisable, it will avoid problems if you do it:
+ It’s advisable to book seats at least a week in advance.
liable/ˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/(adj)
-having (legal) responsibility for something or someone:
+If we lose the case we may be liable for (= have to pay) the costs of the whole trial.
-very likely to do something:
+He’s liable to make a fuss if you wake him.
liability(n) /ˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/
-the fact that someone is legally responsible for something
+He denies any liability for the damage caused.
-something or someone that causes you a lot of trouble, often when that thing or person should be helping you
+After a certain age, a car’s just a liability.
plump/plʌmp/(adj)
-having a pleasantly soft, rounded body or shape:
+a child with plump rosy cheeks
-fat
grumpy /ˈɡrʌm.pi/(adj)
easily annoyed
corresponding(adj) /ˌkɔːr.əˈspɑːn.dɪŋ/
similar to, connected with, or caused by something else:
-Company losses were 50 percent worse than in the corresponding (=similar) period last year.
equivalent +to
- having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc.:
at which point
= and then
-“He grabbed the microphone, at which (=and then) point he began to sing”
numerical/nuːˈmer.ɪ.kəl/
involving or expressed in numbers:
-Keep your files in numerical order.
statistics /stəˈtɪs·tɪks/
a collection of numerical facts or measurements, as about people, business conditions, or weather:
-The statistics show that, in general, women live longer than men.
give way (to somebody/something)
-to stop resisting somebody/something;
+He refused to give way on any of the points.
-to allow somebody/something to be or go first
+Give way to traffic already on the roundabout.
-give way to something
to allow yourself to be very strongly affected by something, especially an emotion
+Flinging herself on the bed, she gave way to helpless misery.
-to be replaced by something
+The storm gave way to bright sunshine.
helpless (adj)
unable to do anything to help yourself or anyone else:
+a helpless two-day-old baby
crook/krʊk/
-a very dishonest person, especially a criminal or a cheat:
+These politicians are just a bunch of crooks.
Have your information at your fingertips
-If you have information at your fingertips, you can get it and use it very easily:
He has all the latest statistics at his fingertips.
yield(n)/jiːld/
to supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount of food or information:
+an attempt to yield increased profits
yield to something
to agree to do something that you do not want to do or should not do:
-It’s very easy to yield to temptation and spend too much money.
break the ice (id)
to make people who have not met before feel more relaxed with each other:
drop someone a line
to write someone a letter, especially a short informal one:
-I hadn’t heard from John in ages so I thought I’d drop him a line.
take the time (+TO) (idm)
-to make the effort to do something:
+She didn’t even take the time to wish me good morning.
glisten/ˈɡlɪs.ən/(v)
(esp. of wet surfaces) to shine brightly:
-glisten with His eyes glistened with tears.
take (something) over
to become more successful or powerful than something or someone else that is involved in the same type of activity:
-It’s only a matter of time before they take over completely.
+to start doing a job or being responsible for something that another person did or had responsibility for before:
be tempted
-to want something or to want to do something:
+“Did you apply for that job?” “Well, I was very tempted, but I decided not to.”
lure /lʊər/(V)(n)
(v)-to persuade someone to do something or go somewhere by offering them something exciting (+into V-ing/N)
+She was lured into the job by the offer of a high salary.
(n) -the quality or power that something or someone has that makes it, him, or her attractive:
+the lure of fame/power/money
entice/ɪnˈtaɪs/(V)
-to persuade someone to do something by offering them something pleasant:
+entice someone into something/to do sth The adverts entice the customer into buying things they don’t really want.
competent(adjective)
-able to do something well (to do sth/at sth)
+I wouldn’t say he was brilliant but he is competent at his job.
indigenous/ɪnˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.nəs/(adj)
used to refer to, or relating to, the people who originally lived in a place, rather than people who moved there from somewhere else :
-So who are the indigenous people of this land?
for the sake of someone/for someone’s sake
-in order to help or bring advantage to someone:
+Please do it, for David’s sake.
for the sake of something/for something’s sake
-because of, or for the purpose of something:
+Let’s not disagree for the sake of (= because of) a few dollars.
by and by(id)
-after a short period:
+By and by a man appeared.
grand old age(id)
-If a person or animal lives to a grand old age, they live until they are very old:
+grand old age of He lived to the grand old age of 97
see the point of something
-to understand the importance of or the reason for something:
+to understand the importance of or the reason for something:
make off with something
-to steal something:
+Somebody broke into the store and made off with several TVs.
be behind someone
-If a bad experience or your own bad behavior is behind you, it does not exist or affect your life now:
+Those dark days are behind me now, I’m glad to say.
reflection
-serious and careful thought:
+On reflection (= after considering it), I decided I had been wrong.
-a sign or result of something:
+The fact that soldiers are on the streets is a reflection of how terrified the government is.
justice(n)
-fairness in the way people are dealt with:
+There’s no justice in the world when people can be made to suffer like that.
be ill at ease(id)
-to be worried and not relaxed:
+He seemed ill at ease and not his usual self.
off-color(adj)
-Off-color remarks or jokes are about sex and are slightly shocking.
-slightly sick:
+I’m feeling a little bit off-color today
on
hit/miss the mark
-to succeed/fail in achieving or guessing something
+He blushed furiously and Robyn knew she had hit the mark.
someone’s/something’s days are numbered
-If someone or something’s days are numbered, they will not exist for much longer:
+The latest opinion polls suggest that his days as leader are numbered.
breakdown/ˈbreɪk.daʊn/(n)
(1)-a failure to work or be successful:
+Both sides blamed each other for the
breakdown of talks.
(2)-a division of something into smaller parts:
+We asked for a breakdown of the accident figures into day time and night time.
