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CPT 7 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a BMI of 30 or greater.

A

Obesity

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2
Q

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology

A

Kinesiology

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3
Q

A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer reviewed research) and prioritizing client values and expectations.

A

Evidence-based practice

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4
Q

The combined interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body

A

Musculoskeletal system

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5
Q

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability

A

Deconditioned

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6
Q

A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9

A

Overweight

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7
Q

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.

A

Muscle imbalance

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8
Q

The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.

A

Joint stability

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9
Q

The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.

A

Socioeconomic status

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10
Q

The state of having a disease

A

Morbidity

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11
Q

A state or a risk of death or dying.

A

Mortality

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12
Q

The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.

A

Homeostasis

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13
Q

any medical condition that occurs suddenly and can be treated and health in a short period of time.

A

Acute disease

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14
Q

A medical condition that persists for a long duration or cannot be cured altogether, typically lasting for 3 months or more.

A

Chronic disease

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15
Q

Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

A

Risk factor

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16
Q

A waxy, fat-like substance found in bodily cells

A

Cholesterol

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17
Q

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel

A

Stroke

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18
Q

The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.

A

Heart attack

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19
Q

A condition in which the heat can’t pump enough blood to meat the body’s needs.

A

Heart failure

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20
Q

A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen suppose to the body.

A

Heart valve problem

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21
Q

A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.

A

Arrhythmia

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22
Q

A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.

A

Ischemic heart disease

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23
Q

The process by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.

A

Atherosclerosis

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24
Q

Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g., golfing, gardening, and walking a dog).

A

Physical activity

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25
Q

Consistently elevated blood pressure

A

Hypertension

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26
Q

The pressure on arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.

A

Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

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27
Q

The pressure on arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.

A

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

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28
Q

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrates usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.

A

Diabetes

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29
Q

The simplest form of carbohydrates used by the body for energy.

A

Glucose

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30
Q

The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes.

A

Insulin resistance

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31
Q

A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

A

Cancer

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32
Q

A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (non reversible) asthma.

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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33
Q

A group of hormone secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain.

A

Endorphins

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34
Q

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

A

Skeletal muscle

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35
Q

A stretching or tearing of ligaments.

A

Sprain

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36
Q

An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.

A

Plantar fasciitis

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37
Q

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).

A

Patellar tendinitis

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38
Q

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior crucial ligaments of the knee.

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear

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39
Q

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.

A

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear

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40
Q

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder.

A

Shoulder impingement syndrome

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41
Q

The various monetary requirements associated with the day-to-day running of a business.

A

Operational costs

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42
Q

An exercise training method defined by intervals of near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods.

A

High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

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43
Q

The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.

A

Adherence

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44
Q

An individual who has been identified as a potential client.

A

Prospect

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45
Q

A system for learning about the needs of a potential client to be able to identify and present a number of solutions for those needs.

A

Sales process

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46
Q

Nondirective questions that can’t be answered with a simple yes or no answer; they require critical thinking to formulate a response.

A

Open-ended questions

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47
Q

A rapport-building technique where fitness professionals walk around the gym floor talking to members without overtly presenting a sale.

A

Working the floor

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48
Q

A relationship in which two people understand each other’s ideas, have respect for one another, and communicate well.

A

Rapport

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49
Q

A business management technique that helps predict how much work is needed to meet a revenue goal.

A

Forecasting

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50
Q

Highlighting unique skills or traits during a sales presentation that allow an individual to stand out from the competition.

A

Unique selling proposition (USP)

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51
Q

A product or service identified by specific, unique characteristics.

A

Brand

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52
Q

A professional development technique that helps individuals identify their personal strengths and weaknesses, opportunities for growth, and potential threats to success.

A

SWOT analysis

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53
Q

An area of science that focuses on people, and in particular, how the mind and feelings may influence behaviors.

A

Psychology

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54
Q

The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action

A

Adherence

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55
Q

The intensity and direction of someone’s effort to participate in an activity or engage in a behavior.

A

Motivation

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56
Q

Describe when someone is not motivated to engage in an activity or behavior.

A

Amotivation

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57
Q

When someone participate in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from others.

A

Extrinsic motivation

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58
Q

When people engage in an activity or behavior because they feel a sense of satisfaction.

A

Intrinsic motivation

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59
Q

When people engage in an activity or behavior because they feel a sense of satisfaction.

A

Intrinsic motivation

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60
Q

Goals focused on the end result

A

Outcome goals

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61
Q

Refers to the process of goal pursuit

A

Process goals

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62
Q

The intentional ways that people assist others in achieving a specific behavior.

A

Social support

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63
Q

A specific form of anxiety that occurs in individuals who perceive that others could be negatively evaluating their physique.

A

Social physique anxiety

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64
Q

Describe a person’s state of mixed feelings about a situation

A

Ambivalence

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65
Q

The actions that directly facilitate a behavior to happen. In the context of exercise it can include driving a person to a health club or paying for the gym membership.

A

Instrumental support

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66
Q

The encouragement and positive reinforcement that is provided from an individual to another, which includes being caring, empathetic, and showing concern.

A

Emotional support

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67
Q

Providing accurate, current, and informative information

A

Informational support

68
Q

When someone engages in a behavior with and individual, often observed in an exercise setting where people exercise with a friend or partner.

A

Companionship support

69
Q

The way someone evaluates their own self worth physically, emotionally, and socially.

A

Self-esteem

70
Q

The way someone view their physical self or visualizes their body.

A

Body image

71
Q

A sleep disorder in which a person’s breathing repeatedly stops and starts, which disrupts the body’s natural sleep cycle.

A

Sleep apnea

72
Q

Acting in accordance with how one wants to behave

A

Autonomy

73
Q

A communal space separate from home or work, where the client experiences their own sense of identity and relationship to others.

A

Third space

74
Q

Client interventions that are used to change some determinant of behavior

A

Behavior change techniques (BCTs)

75
Q

One’s belief that they can complete a task, goal, or performance; also known as self-confidence

A

Self-efficacy

76
Q

Observing, measuring, and evaluating one’s own behavior, often in the form of a diary or log.

A

Self-monitoring

77
Q

Refers to the psychological, social, or environmental factors that influence behavior.

A

Determinants of behavior

78
Q

A broad theoretical framework for the study of human motivation.

A

Self-determination theory

79
Q

The expected positive and negative consequences of a behavior

A

Outcome expectations

80
Q

An evaluation of whether one has the means, resources, and opportunities to perform a behavior

A

Perceived behavioral control

81
Q

Referring to expected pleasure or enjoyment

A

Affective judgement

82
Q

Belief that an important person or group of people will approve and support a behavior

A

Subjective norms

83
Q

Client does not exercise and it’s not planning to start within 6 months

A

Precontemplation

84
Q

When a person is thinking about implementing change but has not yet taken any steps to get started; an individual may take action within the next 6 months

A

Contemplation

85
Q

The client intends to act in the near future, usually within the next month

A

Preparation

86
Q

The client has made specific modifications in their exercise routine within the past 6 months

A

Action

87
Q

The client has been exercising for more than 6 months and is working to prevent relapse

A

Maintenance

88
Q

Reflects the clients’ weighing of the pros and cons of changing

A

Decisional balance

89
Q

A relationship in which two people understand each other’s ideas, have respect for one another, and communicate well.

A

Rapport

90
Q

The process of listening to understand the meaning of the speaker’s words and restating the idea back to the speaker to confirm that they were understood correctly.

A

Reflective listening

91
Q

Listening style that involves having genuine interest in what the speaker is saying; requires the listener to fully concentrate to understand the speaker’s message.

A

Active listening

92
Q

Short sentences that continue the client’s thoughts and add momentum to the conversation

A

Collecting summaries

93
Q

Summaries that tie together information the client has presented, perhaps even from previous sessions

A

Linking summaries

94
Q

Summaries used to wrap up a session or announce a shift in focus

A

Transitional summaries

95
Q

Positive statements about character strengths

A

Affirmations

96
Q

Client-centered directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence

A

Motivational interviewing

97
Q

An internal conflict that occurs when an individual compares their actual self with their ideal self

A

Self-discrepancy

98
Q

Talk that represents and predicts movement away from change

A

Sustain talk

99
Q

Talk that reflects movement of the person toward behavior change

A

Change talk

100
Q

A behavior change technique that links a goal directed response to situational cues by specifying when, where, and how to act.

A

Implementation intentions

101
Q

A behavior change technique that involves anticipating barriers to goal action and proactively preparing strategies that prioritize intentional behavior over counterproductive habitual responses.

A

Coping plans

102
Q

Internal dialogue in which the individual interprets feelings and perceptions, regulates and changes evaluations and convictions, and gives himself or herself instructions and reinforcement.

A

Self-talk

103
Q

Replacing negative statements with positive statements

A

Reverse listing

104
Q

The act of saying “stop” out loud to undesired statements

A

Stopping

105
Q

When people believe the exact content of their own thoughts

A

Cognitive fusion

106
Q

The process created to produce internalized experiences

A

Imagery

107
Q

When a person imagines appearance or health-related outcomes

A

Appearance imagery

108
Q

When a person creates mental images that increase energy and/or relieve stress

A

Energy imagery

109
Q

When individuals mentally rehearse their technique

A

Technique imagery

110
Q

The process to get oneself into a state of psychological readiness for performance

A

Psyching up

111
Q

The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.

A

Human movement system (HMS)

112
Q

A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

A

Kinetic chain

113
Q

A network of specialized cells called neurons that transmit and coordinate signals, providing a communication network within the human body.

A

Nervous system

114
Q

A specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron

115
Q

Cellular structure or organelle that contains the majority of the cells genetic material in the form of chromosomes

A

Nucleus

116
Q

Tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions within a cell examples include nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Organelles

117
Q

The parts of the cell that use nutrients to create energy for the cell; commonly known as the powerhouses of the cell

A

Mitochondria

118
Q

A part of the body, such as a muscle or organ that receives a signal from a neuron to produce a physiological response

A

Effector sites

119
Q

Minerals that have an electrical charge to help transmit nerve impulses throughout the body, such as sodium, potassium and magnesium

A

Electrolytes

120
Q

A division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system, (CNS)

121
Q

Nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

122
Q

Sensory pathway that relays information to the central nervous system

A

Afferent pathway

123
Q

A motor pathway that relays information from the central nervous system to the rest of the body

A

Efferent pathway

124
Q

Neurons located within the spinal cord and brain that transmit impulses between afferent and efferent neurons

A

Interneurons

125
Q

Specialized structures that respond to mechanical forces, (touch and pressure) within tissues, and then transmit signals through sensory nerves

A

Mechanoreceptors

126
Q

Nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle, and are largely responsible for the voluntary control of movement

A

Somatic nervous system

127
Q

A division of the peripheral nervous system, that supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body, e.g. circulating, blood digesting, food, producing hormones

A

Automatic nervous system

128
Q

Sub division of the autonomic nervous system that works to increase neural activity and put the body in a heightened state

A

Sympathetic nervous system

129
Q

Subdivision of the atomic nervous system that works to decrease neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

130
Q

Ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment

A

Sensory function

131
Q

The body’s ability to naturally sense it’s general orientation and relative position of its parts

A

Proprioception

132
Q

The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret the sensory information to allow for proper decision, making which produces an appropriate response

A

Integrative function

133
Q

The neuromuscular (or nervous and muscular systems) response to the integrated sensory information

A

Motor function

134
Q

Sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

A

Muscle spindles

135
Q

Neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening

A

Stretch reflex

136
Q

A specialized sensory receptor located at the point where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle; sensitive to changes in muscular tension, and rate of tension change

A

Golgi tendon organ (GTO)

137
Q

Receptors located in and around the joint capsule that respond to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of the joint

A

Joint receptors

138
Q

The concept that the brain will continually change or grow, reforming neural pathways throughout an individuals entire life span

A

Neuroplasticity

139
Q

The interconnection of neurons in the brain and spinal cord

A

Neurocircuitry

140
Q

Specific movements, through the coordinated effort of the sensory and motor subsystems

A

Motor skills

141
Q

A description of the bones in the body

A

Skeletal system

142
Q

A condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture

A

Osteoporosis

143
Q

The sites where two bones meet and movement occurs as a result of muscle contraction

A

JointS

144
Q

A division of the skeletal system, consisting of the skull, the rib cage, and the vertebral column

A

Axial skeleton

145
Q

A division of the skeletal system, consisting of the arms, legs and pelvic girdle

A

Appendicular skeleton

146
Q

Rigid rods where muscles attach

A

Levers

147
Q

The process by which bone is constantly renewed by the resorption and formation of the bone structure

A

Remodeling

148
Q

Special cells that break down and remove old bone tissue

A

Osteoclasts

149
Q

Special cells that form and lay down new bone tissue

A

Osteoblasts

150
Q

Scientific explanation of how remodeling occurs along the lines of stress placed on the bone

A

Wolff’’s Law

151
Q

Flattened or indented portions of bone

A

Depressions

152
Q

Projections protruding from the bone were tendons and ligaments can attach

A

Processes

153
Q

Bones that house the spinal cord; consists of the cervical thoracic and lumbosacral regions

A

Vertebral column

154
Q

Bundle of nerves housed within the vertebrae

A

Spinal cord

155
Q

Fibrous cartilage structures between vertebrae that act as shock absorbers in assist with movement

A

Intervertebral discs

156
Q

Represents a position in which the vertebrae and associated structures are under the least amount of load, and can most optimally support functional movement

A

Neutral spine

157
Q

Movement of a limb that is visible

A

Osteokinematics

158
Q

The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide or glide, and spin

A

Arthrokinematics

159
Q

A joint with a fluid filled joint capsule

A

Synovial joints

160
Q

A gliding joints that moves and only one plain either back-and-forth or side to side

A

Non-axial joint

161
Q

Joints that have no joint capsule fibrous, connective, tissue or cartilage in the uniting structure

A

Non-synovial joints

162
Q

A fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

A

Ligament

163
Q

A protein found in connective tissue, muscles and skin that provides strength and structure. It is the most abundant protein in the human body.

A

Collagen

164
Q

A protein that provides elasticity to skin, tendons, ligaments, and other structures

A

Elastin

165
Q

A specialized cartilage disc located in the epiphysis that is responsible for longitudinal bone growth

A

Growth plate

CPT 7 (1 decks)

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